[Fractures of the scapula in pigs intended for slaughter (author's transl)]. 1975

P G Van der Wal, and H T Nieuwenhuijsen, and W Sybesma, and J I Scholten

Fractures may be observed in the scapulae of those pigs intended for slaughter, which have undergone electrical stunning. These fractures may be classified into three types. That type in which the fracture is localized in the glenoid cavity is the most injurious one as it is accompanied by haemorrhage and therefore will result in loss of meat. This is liable to cause injuries to the employees engaged in boning out. It was concluded from an inquiry as well as from experimental exposure to stress that fractures of the shoulder are due to the marked tonic contractions of mainly antagonistic muscles, resulting in excessive strain on the shoulder blade and its joints. It is a striking fact that fractures of the shoulder were not observed in pigs stunned electrically while they were in a restraining apparatus.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008460 Meat The edible portions of any animal used for food including cattle, swine, goats/sheep, poultry, fish, shellfish, and game. Meats
D009119 Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. Inotropism,Muscular Contraction,Contraction, Muscle,Contraction, Muscular,Contractions, Muscle,Contractions, Muscular,Inotropisms,Muscle Contractions,Muscular Contractions
D002245 Carbon Dioxide A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. Carbonic Anhydride,Anhydride, Carbonic,Dioxide, Carbon
D004580 Electronarcosis Profound stupor produced by passing an electric current through the brain. Anesthesia, Electric,Electric Anesthesia,Electroanesthesia,Electrosleep,Anesthesias, Electric,Electric Anesthesias,Electroanesthesias,Electronarcoses
D000003 Abattoirs Places where animals are slaughtered and dressed for market. Slaughterhouses,Slaughter House,Slaughter Houses,Abattoir,House, Slaughter,Houses, Slaughter,Slaughterhouse
D000758 Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012540 Scapula Also called the shoulder blade, it is a flat triangular bone, a pair of which form the back part of the shoulder girdle. Scapulae,Shoulder Blade,Shoulder Blades
D012784 Shoulder Fractures Fractures of the proximal humerus, including the head, anatomic and surgical necks, and tuberosities. Humeral Fractures, Proximal,Humeral Head Fracture,Humeral Head Fracture Dislocation,Greater Tuberosity Fractures,Fracture, Greater Tuberosity,Fracture, Humeral Head,Fracture, Proximal Humeral,Fracture, Shoulder,Fractures, Shoulder,Greater Tuberosity Fracture,Head Fracture, Humeral,Humeral Fracture, Proximal,Humeral Head Fractures,Proximal Humeral Fracture,Proximal Humeral Fractures,Shoulder Fracture
D013552 Swine Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA). Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog

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