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Functional regulator treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusions. 2001

S M Chadwick, and J C Aird, and P J Taylor, and D R Bearn
Countess of Chester NHS Trust, Health Park, Liverpool Road, Chester, UK.

This controlled retrospective study aimed to identify the contribution of skeletal and dental changes in the correction of Class II division 1 malocclusions using Fränkel's functional regulator II (FRII), with reference to a concurrently recruited control group. One hundred and thirty-eight patients with Class II division 1 malocclusions were identified, those accepting treatment forming the study group and those declining treatment the control group. The study group (n = 70) were treated with a Fränkel appliance. Pre- and post-treatment observation cephalometric radiographs were analysed and compared. Mean values for both skeletal and dental variables in the control group were remarkably consistent throughout the study period; however, this masked individual variations in this group. The skeletal variables in the study group that showed statistically significant differences from the control group were SNB, ANB, BaNA and ANS-Me, but none of these was sufficiently large to be regarded as clinically significant. Dental variables showed clinically and statistically significant differences, including a 10 degree reduction in UI-Max and 3.1 degree increase in LI-Mand. The Fränkel appliance was thus found to be effective in producing desirable occlusal and dental changes in the majority of patients treated.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007091 Image Processing, Computer-Assisted A technique of inputting two-dimensional or three-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer. Biomedical Image Processing,Computer-Assisted Image Processing,Digital Image Processing,Image Analysis, Computer-Assisted,Image Reconstruction,Medical Image Processing,Analysis, Computer-Assisted Image,Computer-Assisted Image Analysis,Computer Assisted Image Analysis,Computer Assisted Image Processing,Computer-Assisted Image Analyses,Image Analyses, Computer-Assisted,Image Analysis, Computer Assisted,Image Processing, Biomedical,Image Processing, Computer Assisted,Image Processing, Digital,Image Processing, Medical,Image Processings, Medical,Image Reconstructions,Medical Image Processings,Processing, Biomedical Image,Processing, Digital Image,Processing, Medical Image,Processings, Digital Image,Processings, Medical Image,Reconstruction, Image,Reconstructions, Image
D008297 Male Males
D008312 Malocclusion, Angle Class II Malocclusion in which the mandible is posterior to the maxilla as reflected by the relationship of the first permanent molar (distoclusion). Angle Class II,Angle Class II, Division 1,Angle Class II, Division 2,Class II Malocclusion, Division 1,Class II Malocclusion, Division 2,Malocclusion, Angle Class II, Division 1,Malocclusion, Angle Class II, Division 2,Class II, Angle
D008334 Mandible The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth. Mylohyoid Groove,Mylohyoid Ridge,Groove, Mylohyoid,Grooves, Mylohyoid,Mandibles,Mylohyoid Grooves,Mylohyoid Ridges,Ridge, Mylohyoid,Ridges, Mylohyoid
D008437 Maxilla One of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that form the upper jaw. A maxillary bone provides tooth sockets for the superior teeth, forms part of the ORBIT, and contains the MAXILLARY SINUS. Maxillae,Maxillary Bone,Bone, Maxillary,Bones, Maxillary,Maxillary Bones,Maxillas
D009666 Nose A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES. External Nose,External Noses,Nose, External,Noses,Noses, External
D002508 Cephalometry The measurement of the dimensions of the HEAD. Craniometry
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D002680 Chin The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve. Mental Region,Mentum
D005147 Facial Bones The facial skeleton, consisting of bones situated between the cranial base and the mandibular region. While some consider the facial bones to comprise the hyoid (HYOID BONE), palatine (HARD PALATE), and zygomatic (ZYGOMA) bones, MANDIBLE, and MAXILLA, others include also the lacrimal and nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer but exclude the hyoid bone. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p113) Bone, Facial,Bones, Facial,Facial Bone

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