Age differences for stop-consonant and vowel perception in adults. 2001

R N Ohde, and R Abou-Khalil
Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center for Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of static, dynamic, and integrated cues for perception in three adult age groups, and to determine whether age has an effect on both consonant and vowel perception, as predicted by the "age-related deficit hypothesis." Eight adult subjects in each of the age ranges of young (ages 20-26), middle aged (ages 52-59), and old (ages 70-76) listened to synthesized syllables composed of combinations of [b d g] and [i u a]. The synthesis parameters included manipulations of the following stimulus variables: formant transition (moving or straight), noise burst (present or absent), and voicing duration (10, 30, or 46 ms). Vowel perception was high across all conditions and there were no significant differences among age groups. Consonant identification showed a definite effect of age. Young and middle-aged adults were significantly better than older adults at identifying consonants from secondary cues only. Older adults relied on the integration of static and dynamic cues to a greater extent than younger and middle-aged listeners for identification of place of articulation of stop consonants. Duration facilitated correct stop-consonant identification in the young and middle-aged groups for the no-burst conditions, but not in the old group. These findings for the duration of stop-consonant transitions indicate reductions in processing speed with age. In general, the results did not support the age-related deficit hypothesis for adult identification of vowels and consonants from dynamic spectral cues.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D010470 Perceptual Masking The interference of one perceptual stimulus with another causing a decrease or lessening in perceptual effectiveness. Masking, Perceptual,Maskings, Perceptual,Perceptual Maskings
D010700 Phonetics The science or study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and reception, and their analysis, classification, and transcription. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) Speech Sounds,Sound, Speech,Sounds, Speech,Speech Sound
D012016 Reference Values The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality. Normal Range,Normal Values,Reference Ranges,Normal Ranges,Normal Value,Range, Normal,Range, Reference,Ranges, Normal,Ranges, Reference,Reference Range,Reference Value,Value, Normal,Value, Reference,Values, Normal,Values, Reference
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly
D000375 Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. Senescence,Aging, Biological,Biological Aging

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