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Hydroxymethylvinyl ketone: a reactive Michael acceptor formed by the oxidation of 3-butene-1,2-diol by cDNA-expressed human cytochrome P450s and mouse, rat, and human liver microsomes. 2001

R J Krause, and R A Kemper, and A A Elfarra
Department of Comparative Biosciences and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

The metabolic fate of 3-butene-1,2-diol (BDD), a secondary metabolite of the industrial carcinogen, 1,3-butadiene, is unclear. The current study characterizes BDD oxidation to hydroxymethylvinyl ketone (HMVK), a reactive Michael acceptor. Because of its instability in aqueous medium, HMVK was trapped by conjugation with GSH, a reaction that occurred readily at physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C) to yield 1-hydroxy-2-keto-4-(S-glutathionyl)butane. The results show that BDD was oxidized to HMVK by mouse, rat, and human liver microsomes and by cDNA-expressed human cytochrome P450s. Eadie-Hofstee plots demonstrated biphasic kinetics of BDD oxidation with mouse and rat liver microsomes and one of three individual human liver microsomes; BDD oxidation by the other two human liver microsomal samples was best described by monophasic kinetics. Of the human P450 enzymes examined, only P450 2E1 exhibited activity at 1 mM BDD. P450 3A4 was capable of catalyzing the reaction at a high BDD (10 mM) concentration; P450 1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2D6-Met, and 2D6-Val produced only trace amounts of HMVK-GSH whereas P450 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, and 4A11 had no detectable activity. Detection of HMVK or the HMVK-GSH conjugate was dependent on reaction time, protein, and BDD concentrations, and the presence of NADPH. Collectively, the results provide clear evidence for BDD bioactivation to yield HMVK. Because mouse, rat, and human liver microsomes exhibited K(m) values of 50-80 microM, the results also suggest that HMVK could be formed after rodent or human exposure to BDD or its parent compound, BD.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007659 Ketones Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group Ketone
D008297 Male Males
D008401 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds. Chromatography, Gas-Liquid-Mass Spectrometry,Chromatography, Gas-Mass Spectrometry,GCMS,Spectrometry, Mass-Gas Chromatography,Spectrum Analysis, Mass-Gas Chromatography,Gas-Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectrometry-Gas Chromatography,Chromatography, Gas Liquid Mass Spectrometry,Chromatography, Gas Mass Spectrometry,Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry-Gas,Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Gas,Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Gas-Liquid,Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,Gas Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectrometry Gas Chromatography,Spectrometries, Mass-Gas Chromatography,Spectrometry, Gas Chromatography-Mass,Spectrometry, Gas-Liquid Chromatography-Mass,Spectrometry, Mass Gas Chromatography,Spectrometry-Gas Chromatography, Mass,Spectrum Analysis, Mass Gas Chromatography
D008862 Microsomes, Liver Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough. Liver Microsomes,Liver Microsome,Microsome, Liver
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D010084 Oxidation-Reduction A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471). Redox,Oxidation Reduction
D003577 Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism. Cytochrome P-450,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme,Cytochrome P-450-Dependent Monooxygenase,P-450 Enzyme,P450 Enzyme,CYP450 Family,CYP450 Superfamily,Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes,Cytochrome P-450 Families,Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase,Cytochrome P-450 Oxygenase,Cytochrome P-450 Superfamily,Cytochrome P450,Cytochrome P450 Superfamily,Cytochrome p450 Families,P-450 Enzymes,P450 Enzymes,Cytochrome P 450,Cytochrome P 450 Dependent Monooxygenase,Cytochrome P 450 Enzyme,Cytochrome P 450 Enzyme System,Cytochrome P 450 Enzymes,Cytochrome P 450 Families,Cytochrome P 450 Monooxygenase,Cytochrome P 450 Oxygenase,Cytochrome P 450 Superfamily,Enzyme, Cytochrome P-450,Enzyme, P-450,Enzyme, P450,Enzymes, Cytochrome P-450,Enzymes, P-450,Enzymes, P450,Monooxygenase, Cytochrome P-450,Monooxygenase, Cytochrome P-450-Dependent,P 450 Enzyme,P 450 Enzymes,P-450 Enzyme, Cytochrome,P-450 Enzymes, Cytochrome,Superfamily, CYP450,Superfamily, Cytochrome P-450,Superfamily, Cytochrome P450
D005978 Glutathione A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides. Reduced Glutathione,gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly,gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-Cysteinylglycine,Glutathione, Reduced,gamma L Glu L Cys Gly,gamma L Glutamyl L Cysteinylglycine
D006018 Glycols A generic grouping for dihydric alcohols with the hydroxy groups (-OH) located on different carbon atoms. They are viscous liquids with high boiling points for their molecular weights.
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

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