OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anatomic and functional results of transperitoneal-transvesical repair of simple and complex vesicovaginal fistulas (VVFs). METHODS Between 1978 and 1995, 30 VVFs in 28 patients (mean age 44.6 years, range 21 to 80) were treated by way of a transperitoneal-transvesical approach. VVFs were secondary to hysterectomy in 67.8% of cases; 46.7% of VVFs were considered complex fistulas. Fifty percent of the VVFs were retrotrigonal and 40% were trigonal. A flap was interposed in 70% of cases. The vaginal fistula orifice was left open in 66% of cases, and 33% of VVFs required ureteral reimplantation. The mean duration of bladder drainage was 15.8 days (range 6 to 42), and the mean follow-up was 30 months (range 23 days to 14.6 years). The anatomic and functional results were evaluated by physical examination, cystoscopy, and a self-assessment questionnaire. Success was defined as the disappearance of the fistula. RESULTS The overall success rate was 85% (24 of 28). The success rate was 87.5% for simple VVFs, 71% for complex VVFs, 93% for retrotrigonal VVFs, 66% for cervicotrigonal VVFs, and 80% for fistulas requiring ureteral reimplantation. Postoperative voiding disorders were reported in 38% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Transperitoneal-transvesical repair of simple and complex VVFs remains the reference treatment for a disease that has become rare in countries with a well-developed healthcare system, but that is disabling and poorly tolerated by patients after the treatment of another disease.