Biomaterial Database

Preemptive analgesia applied to postoperative pain management. 2001

D A Farris, and M A Fiedler

Children's Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, USA.

Acute postoperative pain can cause detrimental effects on multiple organ systems. To treat pain effectively, a thorough knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of pain and its transmission is necessary. Painful stimuli, like that produced by a surgical incision, can lead to a hyperexcitable state in the spinal cord. This hyperexcitable state can exacerbate postoperative pain. Once the hyperexcitable state has been established, a larger dose of analgesic drug is needed than if hyperexcitability had been prevented. When an analgesic is administered before the bombardment of painful stimuli that occurs with surgical incision, postoperative pain can be greatly diminished. Epidural, intravenous, and intramuscular opioids have been shown to reduce the severity of postoperative pain to a greater extent when administered before surgical stimuli rather than following it.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009619	Nociceptors	Peripheral AFFERENT NEURONS which are sensitive to injuries or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. Their cell bodies reside in the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA. Their peripheral terminals (NERVE ENDINGS) innervate target tissues and transduce noxious stimuli via axons to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.	Pain Receptors,Receptors, Pain,Nociceptive Neurons,Neuron, Nociceptive,Neurons, Nociceptive,Nociceptive Neuron,Nociceptor,Pain Receptor
D009719	Nurse Anesthetists	Professional nurses who have completed postgraduate training in the administration of anesthetics.	Anesthetist, Nurse,Anesthetists, Nurse,Nurse Anesthetist
D010149	Pain, Postoperative	Pain during the period after surgery.	Acute Post-operative Pain,Acute Postoperative Pain,Chronic Post-operative Pain,Chronic Post-surgical Pain,Chronic Postoperative Pain,Chronic Postsurgical Pain,Pain, Post-operative,Persistent Postsurgical Pain,Post-operative Pain,Post-operative Pain, Acute,Post-operative Pain, Chronic,Post-surgical Pain,Postoperative Pain, Acute,Postoperative Pain, Chronic,Postsurgical Pain,Postoperative Pain,Acute Post operative Pain,Chronic Post operative Pain,Chronic Post surgical Pain,Chronic Postsurgical Pains,Pain, Acute Post-operative,Pain, Acute Postoperative,Pain, Chronic Post-operative,Pain, Chronic Post-surgical,Pain, Chronic Postoperative,Pain, Chronic Postsurgical,Pain, Persistent Postsurgical,Pain, Post operative,Pain, Post-surgical,Pain, Postsurgical,Post operative Pain,Post operative Pain, Acute,Post operative Pain, Chronic,Post surgical Pain,Post-operative Pains,Post-surgical Pain, Chronic,Postsurgical Pain, Chronic,Postsurgical Pain, Persistent
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000700	Analgesics	Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.	Analgesic,Anodynes,Antinociceptive Agents,Analgesic Agents,Analgesic Drugs,Agents, Analgesic,Agents, Antinociceptive,Drugs, Analgesic
D020886	Somatosensory Disorders	Disorders of sensory information received from superficial and deep regions of the body. The somatosensory system conveys neural impulses which pertain to proprioception, tactile sensation, thermal sensation, pressure sensation, and pain. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; and BRAIN DISEASES may be associated with impaired or abnormal somatic sensation.	Proprioceptive Disorders,Thermal Sensation Disorders,Impairment, Light Touch Sensation,Light Touch Sensation Impairment,Pain Sensation Diminished,Pinprick Sensation Diminished,Position Sense Disorders,Somatic Sensation Disorders,Diminished, Pain Sensation,Diminished, Pinprick Sensation,Diminisheds, Pain Sensation,Diminisheds, Pinprick Sensation,Pain Sensation Diminisheds,Pinprick Sensation Diminisheds,Position Sense Disorder,Proprioceptive Disorder,Sensation Diminished, Pain,Sensation Diminished, Pinprick,Sensation Diminisheds, Pain,Sensation Diminisheds, Pinprick,Sensation Disorder, Somatic,Sensation Disorder, Thermal,Sensation Disorders, Somatic,Sensation Disorders, Thermal,Sense Disorder, Position,Sense Disorders, Position,Somatic Sensation Disorder,Somatosensory Disorder,Thermal Sensation Disorder