Biomaterial Database

Influence of reinforcement on the paired-associate learning of retarded and nonretarded children. 1975

R A De Csipkes, and A D Smouse, and B A Hudson

The effect of presence and types of reinforcement (tangible, social, control) on PA-learning performance was investigated using 24 retarded and 24 nonretarded public-school subjects. A pictorial PA list (pictures used as stimulus and response items) was used. Stastical analysis of the data indicated that the influence of reinforcement on task performance was highly significant. Post hoc comparisons of cell means showed that the use of tangible reinforcement did significantly increase the performance of both retarded and nonretarded subjects. The results also indicated that the nonretarded subjects performed significantly higher than their retarded counterparts.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007360	Intelligence	The ability to learn and to deal with new situations and to deal effectively with tasks involving abstractions.
D010153	Paired-Associate Learning	Learning in which the subject must respond with one word or syllable when presented with another word or syllable.	Learning, Paired-Associate,Learnings, Paired-Associate,Paired Associate Learning,Paired-Associate Learnings
D012054	Reinforcement, Psychology	The strengthening of a conditioned response.	Negative Reinforcement,Positive Reinforcement,Psychological Reinforcement,Reinforcement (Psychology),Negative Reinforcements,Positive Reinforcements,Psychological Reinforcements,Psychology Reinforcement,Psychology Reinforcements,Reinforcement, Negative,Reinforcement, Positive,Reinforcement, Psychological,Reinforcements (Psychology),Reinforcements, Negative,Reinforcements, Positive,Reinforcements, Psychological,Reinforcements, Psychology
D012056	Reinforcement, Social	The strengthening of a response with a social reward such as a nod of approval, a parent's love or attention.	Social Reinforcement,Reinforcements, Social,Social Reinforcements
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D004495	Education of Intellectually Disabled	The teaching or training of those individuals with subnormal intellectual functioning.	Education of Mentally Defective,Education of Mentally Retarded,Education, Mentally Retarded,Mentally Retarded Education,Disabled Education, Intellectually,Disabled Educations, Intellectually,Intellectually Disabled Education,Intellectually Disabled Educations,Mentally Defective Education
D005246	Feedback	A mechanism of communication within a system in that the input signal generates an output response which returns to influence the continued activity or productivity of that system.	Feedbacks
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000124	Achievement	Success in bringing an effort to the desired end; the degree or level of success attained in some specified area (esp. scholastic) or in general.	Accomplishment,Accomplishments,Achievements
D000293	Adolescent	A person 13 to 18 years of age.	Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths