In the course of a 10-year study of the problem of renovascular hypertension in the A.N. Bakuley Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery, concomitant pathology of other arterial systems was found in 144 patients among 218 cases of acquired lesions of the renal arteries. The combination of the lesions of the renal arteries with those of other arteries (branches of the aortic arch, descending thoracic and abdominal aorta, its visceral branches and the arteries of the lower extremities) is, according to the author, one of the main peculiarities of renovascular hypertension that predetermines its malignant course. A purposeful study of the state of the major vessels in a patient with arterial hypertension permits to reveal their lesion or intactness, and to conduct a detailed clinical investigation accordingly, as well as to choose the proper method of angiography and surgery.