Biomaterial Database

Cardiac output during physical exercises following real and simulated space flight. 1976

B S Katkovsky, and Y D Pomyotov

Institute of Medico-Biological Problems, Moscow, USSR.

During moderate physical work (after 5 min) the cardiac stroke volume in the cosmonauts who made 2--8-day flights in the Soyuz spacecraft was lower and the pulse rate was higher than the pre-flight level. By the end of the 49-day bed-rest experiment the stroke volume during physical exercises (after 5 min) was lower than at the 5th min of the pre-test period in both the supine and sitting positions. The cosmonauts performed physical exercises in the sitting position. Therefore, it can be assumed that the major factor changing cardiac output may be the effect of the earth's gravity against the background of decreased orthostatic tolerance. Results of simulated experiments give evidence that in both cases one of the major factors responsible for changes in the cardiac output was a decline in the contractile capacity of the myocardium.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D011187	Posture	The position or physical attitude of the body.	Postures
D002302	Cardiac Output	The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).	Cardiac Outputs,Output, Cardiac,Outputs, Cardiac
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001510	Bed Rest	Confinement of an individual to bed for therapeutic or experimental reasons.	Bedrest,Bed Rests,Bedrests,Rest, Bed,Rests, Bed
D013026	Space Flight	Travel beyond the earth's atmosphere.	Space Exploration,Space Travel,Spaceflight,Exploration, Space,Explorations, Space,Flight, Space,Flights, Space,Space Explorations,Space Flights,Space Travels,Spaceflights,Travel, Space,Travels, Space
D013318	Stroke Volume	The amount of BLOOD pumped out of the HEART per beat, not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time). It is calculated as the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.	Ventricular Ejection Fraction,Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume,Ventricular End-Systolic Volume,Ejection Fraction, Ventricular,Ejection Fractions, Ventricular,End-Diastolic Volume, Ventricular,End-Diastolic Volumes, Ventricular,End-Systolic Volume, Ventricular,End-Systolic Volumes, Ventricular,Fraction, Ventricular Ejection,Fractions, Ventricular Ejection,Stroke Volumes,Ventricular Ejection Fractions,Ventricular End Diastolic Volume,Ventricular End Systolic Volume,Ventricular End-Diastolic Volumes,Ventricular End-Systolic Volumes,Volume, Stroke,Volume, Ventricular End-Diastolic,Volume, Ventricular End-Systolic,Volumes, Stroke,Volumes, Ventricular End-Diastolic,Volumes, Ventricular End-Systolic
D014893	Weightlessness	Condition in which no acceleration, whether due to gravity or any other force, can be detected by an observer within a system. It also means the absence of weight or the absence of the force of gravity acting on a body. Microgravity, gravitational force between 0 and 10 -6 g, is included here. (From NASA Thesaurus, 1988)	Microgravity,Zero Gravity,Gravity, Zero
D015444	Exercise	Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.	Aerobic Exercise,Exercise, Aerobic,Exercise, Isometric,Exercise, Physical,Isometric Exercise,Physical Activity,Acute Exercise,Exercise Training,Activities, Physical,Activity, Physical,Acute Exercises,Aerobic Exercises,Exercise Trainings,Exercise, Acute,Exercises,Exercises, Acute,Exercises, Aerobic,Exercises, Isometric,Exercises, Physical,Isometric Exercises,Physical Activities,Physical Exercise,Physical Exercises,Training, Exercise,Trainings, Exercise
D016683	Supine Position	The posture of an individual lying face up.	Dorsal Position,Dorsal Positions,Position, Dorsal,Position, Supine,Positions, Dorsal,Positions, Supine,Supine Positions