Biomaterial Database

Quantitative detection of trichloroacetic acid in human urine using isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. 2002

Zsuzsanna Kuklenyik, and David L Ashley, and Antonia M Calafat

Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.

The chemical disinfection of drinking water to control microbial contaminants results in the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The volatile trihalomethanes and the nonvolatile haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the most prevalent DBPs. It is important to monitor human exposure to HAAs because of their potential adversehealth effects, such as cancer. Among the HAAs, urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) is a potential valid biomarker for assessing chronic ingestion exposure to HAAs from drinking water. We have developed a rugged, high-throughput, sensitive, accurate, and precise assay for the measurement of trace levels of TCAA in human urine using a simple solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup followed by isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). TCAA is extracted from the urine using SPE, separated from other extract components by reversed-phase HPLC, and analyzed by negative ion electrospray ionization-isotope dilution-MS/MS using a multiple reaction monitoring experiment. The method is simple and fast and is not labor intensive (sample preparation and analysis can be performed in approximately 15 min) with a limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL in 1 mL of urine.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D012015	Reference Standards	A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.	Standard Preparations,Standards, Reference,Preparations, Standard,Standardization,Standards,Preparation, Standard,Reference Standard,Standard Preparation,Standard, Reference
D002247	Carbon Isotopes	Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.	Carbon Isotope,Isotope, Carbon,Isotopes, Carbon
D004203	Disinfection	Rendering pathogens harmless through the use of heat, antiseptics, antibacterial agents, etc.
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012680	Sensitivity and Specificity	Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	Specificity,Sensitivity,Specificity and Sensitivity
D014238	Trichloroacetic Acid	A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.	Acide trichloracetique,Rubidium Trichloroacetate,Sodium Trichloroacetate,Acid, Trichloroacetic,Trichloroacetate, Rubidium,Trichloroacetate, Sodium,trichloracetique, Acide
D014877	Water Pollution, Chemical	Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.	Chemical Water Pollution,Chemical Water Pollutions,Pollution, Chemical Water,Pollutions, Chemical Water,Water Pollutions, Chemical
D021241	Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization	A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.	ESI Mass Spectrometry,Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectrometry, ESI,Spectrometry, ESI Mass