Biomaterial Database

The plasma half-life of antipyrine in chromic uraemic and normal subjects. 1975

J L Maddocks, and C J Wake, and M J Harber

1. Antipyrine was given intravenously in a dose of 18 mg/kg body weight to twelve patients with chronic renal failure (plasma creatinine greater than 4.9 mg/100 ml) who were not taking drugs and twenty normal subjects. 2. Plasma antipyrine levels were measured by a specific method, the plasma half-life of the drug was determined and used as an index of drug oxidation. 3. The mean (+/- s.d) plasma antipyrine half-life in patients with chronic renal failure (7.3 +/- 2.0 h) was significantly shorter than in normal subjects (13.2 +/- 4.3 h: P less than 0.002). There was no difference in the apparent volume of distribution of antipyrine between the two groups (P greater than 0.6). 4. Pretreatment of five patients with chronic renal failure and seven normal subjects with antipyrine or phenobarbitone for weeks significantly shortened the mean plasma antipyrine half-life from 7.4 +/- 2.5 h to 5.0 +/- 1.5 h in uraemics (P less than 0.005) and from 13.2 +/- 4.5 h to 6.9 +/- 1.5 h in normal subjects (P less than 0.0025).5. These results suggest that oxidation of antipyrine by hepatic microsomal enzymes is increased in patients with chronic renal failure, but a state of maximal induction of these enzymes was not observed. The clinical implication of this finding with regard to the association between liver microsomal enzyme induction and vitamin D resistant osteomalacia is discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007275	Injections, Intravenous	Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.	Intravenous Injections,Injection, Intravenous,Intravenous Injection
D007676	Kidney Failure, Chronic	The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	ESRD,End-Stage Renal Disease,Renal Disease, End-Stage,Renal Failure, Chronic,Renal Failure, End-Stage,Chronic Kidney Failure,End-Stage Kidney Disease,Chronic Renal Failure,Disease, End-Stage Kidney,Disease, End-Stage Renal,End Stage Kidney Disease,End Stage Renal Disease,End-Stage Renal Failure,Kidney Disease, End-Stage,Renal Disease, End Stage,Renal Failure, End Stage
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D010634	Phenobarbital	A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.	Phenemal,Phenobarbitone,Phenylbarbital,Gardenal,Hysteps,Luminal,Phenobarbital Sodium,Phenobarbital, Monosodium Salt,Phenylethylbarbituric Acid,Acid, Phenylethylbarbituric,Monosodium Salt Phenobarbital,Sodium, Phenobarbital
D004790	Enzyme Induction	An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.	Induction, Enzyme
D005260	Female		Females
D006207	Half-Life	The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.	Halflife,Half Life,Half-Lifes,Halflifes
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000284	Administration, Oral	The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.	Drug Administration, Oral,Administration, Oral Drug,Oral Administration,Oral Drug Administration,Administrations, Oral,Administrations, Oral Drug,Drug Administrations, Oral,Oral Administrations,Oral Drug Administrations