Heaviness perception. I. Constant involvement of haptically perceived size in weight discrimination. 2002

Satoru Kawai
Faculty of Humanities, Tezukayama University, 7-1-1 Tezukayama, Nara 631-8501, Japan. skawai@tezukayama-u.ac.jp

With visual input blocked, subjects in this study utilized fingertips only to investigate the involvement of haptically perceived size in heaviness perception among humans. The objects used for testing consisted of three sets - copper (CP), aluminum (AL), and plastic (PL) - of ten cubes of various weights (0.05-0.98 N). All of the cubes were covered with a smooth vinyl material to eliminate any extraneous input concerning the actual composition. Screens enclosed the working space to eliminate any possible visual cues. Each comparison was between a pair of cubes of the same material to eliminate the effect of density. Fifteen subjects ( M=19.2, SD=0.68 years) attempted to judge differences in heaviness between the first and second cube in each trial that had been handed to them by the experimenter and were grasped between the thumb and the index finger. A total of 340 trials with 70 combinations of weight composed of 160 ascending trials (heavier), 160 descending trials (lighter), and 20 identical weight trials were pseudo-randomly presented to each subject for each material. Combinations of difference in weight and the number of trials were identical for all materials so that haptic size was regarded as the single independent factor. Accuracy of the subjects' responses for identical weight differences that resulted from placing a pair of cubes of the same combination was compared among the three materials. It was observed that a material like CP that had a lesser size effect facilitated significantly more accurate discrimination of the identical weight differences than PL with its greater size effect. This suggests that small changes in haptic size by the fingertips have a direct influence on heaviness perception when comparing objects of equal density. This finding, therefore, can be considered analogous to the size-weight illusion when comparing objects of unequal density. The findings of this study also suggest the constant involvement of haptic size in heaviness perception by humans along with the existence of a processing mechanism that integrates the factors of weight and haptic size in which heaviness increases either as weight increases or as size decreases, and vice versa.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007206 Individuality Those psychological characteristics which differentiate individuals from one another. Individual Differences,Difference, Individual,Differences, Individual,Individual Difference
D008297 Male Males
D011597 Psychomotor Performance The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity. Perceptual Motor Performance,Sensory Motor Performance,Visual Motor Coordination,Coordination, Visual Motor,Coordinations, Visual Motor,Motor Coordination, Visual,Motor Coordinations, Visual,Motor Performance, Perceptual,Motor Performance, Sensory,Motor Performances, Perceptual,Motor Performances, Sensory,Perceptual Motor Performances,Performance, Perceptual Motor,Performance, Psychomotor,Performance, Sensory Motor,Performances, Perceptual Motor,Performances, Psychomotor,Performances, Sensory Motor,Psychomotor Performances,Sensory Motor Performances,Visual Motor Coordinations
D003463 Cues Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond. Cue
D004192 Discrimination, Psychological Differential response to different stimuli. Discrimination, Psychology,Psychological Discrimination
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000704 Analysis of Variance A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable. ANOVA,Analysis, Variance,Variance Analysis,Analyses, Variance,Variance Analyses

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