Oistrogen sulphotransferase (3"-phosphoadenylylsulphate: oestrone sulphotransferase, EC 2.8.2.4) contains asingle sulphydryl group thought to be at, or near, the oestrogen-binding site. 4-mercuri-17beta-oestradiol, the activity of the enzyme decreased with increasing concentration of the oestrogen derivative. However, some 40% of the activity remained when all the sulphydryl had reacted to form mercaptide. Formation of mercaptide was only marginally decreased in the presence of the substrate 17beta-oestradiol. Other steroids, such as 11-deoxycorticosterone and testosterone, which are non-substrates for the enzyme, were more effective than 17beta-oestradiol in inhibiting mercaptide formation. Bovine serum albumin also reacted with 4-mercure-17beta-oestradiol and the effects of various steroids on mercaptide formation by the affinity label closely paralleled those found for the enzyme. 2t is concluded that the single sulphydryl group in the enzyme is not directly involved in the binding of oestrogen at the active site but is perhaps in closer proximity to a second site capable of binding certain non-substrate steroids.