Modified enzymes for reactions in organic solvents. 2002

A B Salleh, and M Basri, and M Taib, and H Jasmani, and R N Z A Rahman, and M B A Rahman, and C N A Razak
Center for Research in Enzyme & Microbial Technology, Fakulti Sains & Pengajian Alam Sekitar, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor. abubakar@fsas.upm.edu.my

Recent studies on biocatalysis in water-organic solvent biphasic systems have shown that many enzymes retain their catalytic activities in the presence of high concentrations of organic solvents. However, not all enzymes are organic solvent tolerant, and most have limited and selective tolerance to particular organic solvents. Protein modification or protein tailoring is an approach to alter the characteristics of enzymes, including solubility in organic solvents. Particular amino acids may play pivotal roles in the catalytic ability of the protein. Attaching soluble modifiers to the protein molecule may alter its conformation and the overall polarity of the molecule. Enzymes, in particular lipases, have been chemically modified by attachment of aldehydes, polyethylene glycols, and imidoesters. These modifications alter the hydrophobicity and conformation of the enzymes, resulting in changes in the microenvironment of the enzymes. By these modifications, newly acquired properties such as enhancement of activity and stability and changes in specificity and solubility in organic solvents are obtained. Modified lipases were found to be more active and stable in organic solvents. The optimum water activity (a(w)) for reaction was also shifted by using modified enzymes. Changes in enantioselective behavior were also observed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007096 Imidoesters Esters of the hypothetical imidic acids. They react with amines or amino acids to form amidines and are therefore used to modify protein structures and as cross-linking agents. Imidates
D008049 Lipase An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3. Triacylglycerol Lipase,Tributyrinase,Triglyceride Lipase,Acid Lipase,Acid Lipase A,Acid Lipase B,Acid Lipase I,Acid Lipase II,Exolipase,Monoester Lipase,Triacylglycerol Hydrolase,Triglyceridase,Triolean Hydrolase,Hydrolase, Triacylglycerol,Hydrolase, Triolean,Lipase A, Acid,Lipase B, Acid,Lipase I, Acid,Lipase II, Acid,Lipase, Acid,Lipase, Monoester,Lipase, Triglyceride
D009930 Organic Chemicals A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form. Organic Chemical,Chemical, Organic,Chemicals, Organic
D011092 Polyethylene Glycols Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS. Macrogols,Polyoxyethylenes,Carbowax,Macrogol,Polyethylene Glycol,Polyethylene Oxide,Polyethyleneoxide,Polyglycol,Glycol, Polyethylene,Glycols, Polyethylene,Oxide, Polyethylene,Oxides, Polyethylene,Polyethylene Oxides,Polyethyleneoxides,Polyglycols,Polyoxyethylene
D002175 Candida A genus of yeast-like mitosporic Saccharomycetales fungi characterized by producing yeast cells, mycelia, pseudomycelia, and blastophores. It is commonly part of the normal flora of the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, but can cause a variety of infections, including CANDIDIASIS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS; and CANDIDIASIS, ORAL (THRUSH). Candida guilliermondii var. nitratophila,Candida utilis,Cyberlindnera jadinii,Hansenula jadinii,Lindnera jadinii,Monilia,Pichia jadinii,Saccharomyces jadinii,Torula utilis,Torulopsis utilis,Monilias
D002384 Catalysis The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction. Catalyses
D004795 Enzyme Stability The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat. Enzyme Stabilities,Stabilities, Enzyme,Stability, Enzyme
D004951 Esterification The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes. Esterifications
D012997 Solvents Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Solvent
D013237 Stereoisomerism The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed) Molecular Stereochemistry,Stereoisomers,Stereochemistry, Molecular,Stereoisomer

Related Publications

A B Salleh, and M Basri, and M Taib, and H Jasmani, and R N Z A Rahman, and M B A Rahman, and C N A Razak
December 1989, Biochemical Society transactions,
A B Salleh, and M Basri, and M Taib, and H Jasmani, and R N Z A Rahman, and M B A Rahman, and C N A Razak
January 1992, Biotechnology progress,
A B Salleh, and M Basri, and M Taib, and H Jasmani, and R N Z A Rahman, and M B A Rahman, and C N A Razak
January 1991, Bioprocess technology,
A B Salleh, and M Basri, and M Taib, and H Jasmani, and R N Z A Rahman, and M B A Rahman, and C N A Razak
May 2002, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology,
A B Salleh, and M Basri, and M Taib, and H Jasmani, and R N Z A Rahman, and M B A Rahman, and C N A Razak
January 1988, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
A B Salleh, and M Basri, and M Taib, and H Jasmani, and R N Z A Rahman, and M B A Rahman, and C N A Razak
January 1985, Endeavour,
A B Salleh, and M Basri, and M Taib, and H Jasmani, and R N Z A Rahman, and M B A Rahman, and C N A Razak
August 2002, Current opinion in biotechnology,
A B Salleh, and M Basri, and M Taib, and H Jasmani, and R N Z A Rahman, and M B A Rahman, and C N A Razak
January 2005, Nano letters,
A B Salleh, and M Basri, and M Taib, and H Jasmani, and R N Z A Rahman, and M B A Rahman, and C N A Razak
June 1990, Journal of biotechnology,
A B Salleh, and M Basri, and M Taib, and H Jasmani, and R N Z A Rahman, and M B A Rahman, and C N A Razak
February 1992, Biotechnology and bioengineering,
Copied contents to your clipboard!