OBJECTIVE To examine the visual and anatomic results of bimanual vitrectomy surgery with the multiport illumination system (MIS) in eyes with advanced diabetic traction retinal detachment. METHODS Retrospective, noncomparative interventional case series. METHODS Sixty-seven consecutive eyes in 62 patients having vitrectomy with the MIS. METHODS During surgery, the vitreous, the posterior hyaloid membrane, and fibrovascular proliferative tissue were removed by using bimanual dissection made possible by the MIS. METHODS Retinal reattachment rate, visual function, and postoperative complications were compared with previously published series of vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment. RESULTS With a minimum of 6 months of follow-up, complete retinal reattachment was achieved in 62 eyes (93%), and macular attachment was achieved in all 67 eyes. Vision was stabilized or improved in 51 eyes (72%), and 5/200 vision was achieved in 47 eyes (70%). No unique complications, such as incision-related retinal tears, occurred. CONCLUSIONS MIS allows bimanual surgery during vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment, with good visual and anatomic results.