Biomaterial Database

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon removal from soil by surfactant solubilization and Phanerochaete chrysosporium oxidation. 2002

Zhongming Zheng, and Jeffrey Philip Obbard

Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 129791.

Surfactant soil washing can remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soil, and the white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall in Burdsall & Eslyn, can oxidize PAHs. The objective of this study was to develop a novel bioremediation technology using a combination of abiological surfactant soil washing followed by PAH biological oxidation in soil washwater using P. chrysosporium in a rotating biological contactor (RBC) reactor. Soil used for experimentation was an 11-month aged contaminated soil spiked with a total of nine PAHs: acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a-h)anthracene, and benzo(ghi)perylene. After 11 months of aging, recovery percentages of high molecular weight PAHs [i.e., from chrysene to benzo(ghi)perylene] were greater than 86%, while those of low molecular weight PAHs (i.e., from acenaphthene to pyrene) were less than 19%. Total removal efficiency for any of the nine PAHs was greater than 90% using a combination of surfactant soil washing and P. chrysosporium oxidation of soil washwater in the RBC reactor when used in batch operation, and greater than 76% when used in continuous operation. The treatment of PAH-contaminated soil using a combination of surfactant soil washing and subsequent PAH removal from the resultant washwater in an RBC reactor, in the presence of immobilized P. chrysosporium, permits (i) a rapid abiological cleanup of soil for compliance with relevant soil quality standards and (ii) PAH biological removal in soil washwater for compliance with aqueous discharge standards.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010084	Oxidation-Reduction	A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).	Redox,Oxidation Reduction
D011084	Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons	Aromatic hydrocarbons that contain extended fused-ring structures.	Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon,Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic,Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon,Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons,Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Polycyclic,Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Polynuclear,Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polycyclic,Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polynuclear,Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons,Hydrocarbon, Polycyclic Aromatic,Hydrocarbon, Polynuclear Aromatic,Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Polycyclic,Hydrocarbons, Polycyclic Aromatic,Hydrocarbons, Polynuclear Aromatic
D011786	Quality Control	A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	Control, Quality,Controls, Quality,Quality Controls
D001682	Biological Availability	The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.	Availability Equivalency,Bioavailability,Physiologic Availability,Availability, Biologic,Availability, Biological,Availability, Physiologic,Biologic Availability,Availabilities, Biologic,Availabilities, Biological,Availabilities, Physiologic,Availability Equivalencies,Bioavailabilities,Biologic Availabilities,Biological Availabilities,Equivalencies, Availability,Equivalency, Availability,Physiologic Availabilities
D012989	Soil Pollutants	Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.	Soil Pollutant,Pollutant, Soil,Pollutants, Soil
D012995	Solubility	The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)	Solubilities
D013501	Surface-Active Agents	Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.	Surface Active Agent,Surface-Active Agent,Surfactant,Surfactants,Tenside,Amphiphilic Agents,Surface Active Agents,Tensides,Active Agent, Surface,Active Agents, Surface,Agent, Surface Active,Agent, Surface-Active,Agents, Amphiphilic,Agents, Surface Active,Agents, Surface-Active
D019149	Bioreactors	Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.	Fermentors,Bioreactor,Fermentor
D020075	Phanerochaete	A genus of fungi in the family Corticiaceae, order Stereales, that degrades lignin. The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a frequently used species in research.	Chrysosporium pruinosum,Sporotrichum pruinosum,Phanerochaete chrysosporium