African American women are reported to be less physically active than other population groups. This study examined personal behavioral and psychosocial and environmental factors associated with physical activity in African American women living at or below poverty. Most participants engaged in some moderate physical activity through housework and child care; 71% engaged in activity such as walking from one to seven times per week; but only 5% were vigorously active. Seventy-seven percent were active in the past, but 80% dropped out within 6 months, citing "lack of time and feeling bad" as the main reasons. Exercise self-efficacy was positively correlated with beliefs about physical and social outcomes of activity, with more active than inactive women believing that physical activity had more physical health outcomes. One-third of the women reported that family or friends disapproved of their spending time being physically active, and 45% had never been encouraged to be active by a health professional. However, health professionals' influence was positively correlated with weight reduction but not physical activity participation.