An extensive mapping of the caudate-putamen in rat for intracranial self-stimulation (ICS) site was undertaken to provide addtional support for the role of dopamine in brain-stimulation reward. Eight-seven per cent of the placements in the neostriatum supported ICS, with self-stimulation rates greater than 250/15 min at 56% of these sites. Electrical stimulation also elicited rearing and clonus, and contralateral body turn, both of which varied in magnitude between animals. In a second experiment, animals were prepared with electrodes aimed at the lateral caudateputamen. Those subjects displaying ICS subsequently received 6-hydroxydopamine lesions to the dopamine cell bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta, either ipsilateral or contralateral to the electrode. The destruction of the dopamine cell bodies attenuated ICS in both groups during the first post-lesion test sessions. However, the rates in the ipsilateral group declined to between 2 and 9% of control scores, whereas the rate in the contralateral group improved over testing to 72% of control values, 28 days after the lesion. On the basis of these data, it was concluded that unilateral destruction of the dopaminergic nigro-neostriatal bundle (NSB) has two effects on ICS behavior. First, unilateral reduction of neostriatal dopamine is accompanied by a loss of brain-stimulation reward at sites normally innervated by the NSB, specifically the caudate-putamen. Secondly, lesions of the NSB produce a general disruption in bar-pressing behavior, as evidenced by the attenuation of ICS following contralateral lesions.