Pulmonary toxicity of thuringiensin administered intratracheally in Sprague-Dawley rats. 2003

San-Fu Tsai, and Bing-Lan Liu, and Jiunn-Wang Liao, and Jiunn-Shiow Wang, and Jenn-Sheng Hwang, and Shun-Cheng Wang, and Yew-Min Tzeng, and Shu-Peng Ho
Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 250 Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the pulmonary toxicity of purified thuringiensin in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were intratracheally instillated with 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4 and 9.6 mg/kg body weight of thuringiensin. The results indicated that the acute pulmonary LD(50) of thuringiensin for rats was 4.4 mg/kg. The total number of inflammatory cells and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid increased in a dose-dependent manner after thuringiensin instillation. Furthermore, an effective dose of 1.6 mg/kg was selected for the time course study of pulmonary toxicity. The treated animals showed a significant increase in the weights of the lungs, hydroxyproline levels in the lungs and total number of cells in BAL fluid 2, 4, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after treatment. In comparison with the control, the total protein concentrations in BAL fluid were increased by 361, 615, 116, 41, 34 and 41%, after 2, 4, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days, respectively. The LDH activity in BAL fluid showed a significant increase after 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. The increases in fibronectin levels were 164, 552, 490, 769, 335, 257 and 61% at the corresponding times, but neither tumor necrosis factor nor interleukin-1 increased. The treated rats presented abnormal histology including distributed inflammation in the bronchioles and alveoli, bronchial cellular necrosis on days 1 and 2, and areas of septal thickening with cellular infiltration and collagen deposit in the intestinal and alveolar spaces on days 4-56. Based on these biochemical and pathological parameters, intratracheal instillation of purified thuringiensin might cause significant pulmonary toxicity in rats.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007278 Injections, Spinal Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe. Injections, Intraspinal,Injections, Intrathecal,Intraspinal Injections,Intrathecal Injections,Spinal Injections,Injection, Intraspinal,Injection, Intrathecal,Injection, Spinal,Intraspinal Injection,Intrathecal Injection,Spinal Injection
D007375 Interleukin-1 A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation. IL-1,Lymphocyte-Activating Factor,Epidermal Cell Derived Thymocyte-Activating Factor,Interleukin I,Macrophage Cell Factor,T Helper Factor,Epidermal Cell Derived Thymocyte Activating Factor,Interleukin 1,Lymphocyte Activating Factor
D007770 L-Lactate Dehydrogenase A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist. Lactate Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, L-Lactate,Dehydrogenase, Lactate,L Lactate Dehydrogenase
D008168 Lung Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood. Lungs
D008171 Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. Pulmonary Diseases,Disease, Pulmonary,Diseases, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Disease,Disease, Lung,Diseases, Lung,Lung Disease
D008297 Male Males
D011506 Proteins Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein. Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D011656 Pulmonary Emphysema Enlargement of air spaces distal to the TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES where gas-exchange normally takes place. This is usually due to destruction of the alveolar wall. Pulmonary emphysema can be classified by the location and distribution of the lesions. Emphysema, Pulmonary,Centriacinar Emphysema,Centrilobular Emphysema,Emphysemas, Pulmonary,Focal Emphysema,Panacinar Emphysema,Panlobular Emphysema,Pulmonary Emphysemas,Centriacinar Emphysemas,Centrilobular Emphysemas,Emphysema, Centriacinar,Emphysema, Centrilobular,Emphysema, Focal,Emphysema, Panacinar,Emphysema, Panlobular,Emphysemas, Centriacinar,Emphysemas, Centrilobular,Emphysemas, Focal,Emphysemas, Panacinar,Emphysemas, Panlobular,Focal Emphysemas,Panacinar Emphysemas,Panlobular Emphysemas
D011658 Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death. Alveolitis, Fibrosing,Idiopathic Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis,Fibroses, Pulmonary,Fibrosis, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Fibroses,Alveolitides, Fibrosing,Fibrosing Alveolitides,Fibrosing Alveolitis
D001992 Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung. Alveolar Lavage Fluid,Bronchial Lavage Fluid,Lung Lavage Fluid,Bronchial Alveolar Lavage Fluid,Lavage Fluid, Bronchial,Lavage Fluid, Lung,Pulmonary Lavage Fluid,Alveolar Lavage Fluids,Bronchial Lavage Fluids,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids,Lavage Fluid, Alveolar,Lavage Fluid, Bronchoalveolar,Lavage Fluid, Pulmonary,Lavage Fluids, Alveolar,Lavage Fluids, Bronchial,Lavage Fluids, Bronchoalveolar,Lavage Fluids, Lung,Lavage Fluids, Pulmonary,Lung Lavage Fluids,Pulmonary Lavage Fluids

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