Biomaterial Database

Arginine-stimulated hyperglucagonemia in diabetic Pima Indians. 1976

S L Aronoff, and P H Bennett, and N B Rushforth, and M Miller, and R H Unger

Groups of 27 nondiabetic Pima Indians, 34 nondiabetic Caucasians, and 12 diabetic Pima Indians with recent onset of their disease received an arginine infusion to determine if (1) nondiabetic Pima Indians and Caucasians had a similar glucagon response to arginine and (2) diabetic Pimas had excessive glucagon response to arginine as reported in other racial groups. The fasting glucagon levels in the three groups were not significantly different. During arginine monochloride infusion (5 mg./kg./minute for 40 minutes) the diabetic Pimas had glucagon levels significantly higher at 10 minutes and at all sampling points thereafter than the normo-glycemic Pimas. Plasma insulin levels also increased during the infusion but, notably, never differed significantly between these two groups. There was no significant difference in the glucagon levels at any sampling point between the nondiabetic Pimas and Caucasians. The differences in glucagon levels between the nondiabetic and diabetic Indians are similar to those differences reported between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects of other racial origins.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007198	Indians, North American	Members of indigenous North American populations with pre-colonial contact origins.	Amerinds, North American,Indigenous North Americans,American Indian, North,American, Indigenous North,Amerind, North American,Indian, North American,Indigenous North American,North American Amerind,North American Amerinds,North American Indian,North American Indians,North American, Indigenous
D007328	Insulin	A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).	Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D008297	Male		Males
D001786	Blood Glucose	Glucose in blood.	Blood Sugar,Glucose, Blood,Sugar, Blood
D003920	Diabetes Mellitus	A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.
D005215	Fasting	Abstaining from FOOD.	Hunger Strike,Hunger Strikes,Strike, Hunger,Strikes, Hunger
D005260	Female		Females
D005934	Glucagon	A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511)	Glucagon (1-29),Glukagon,HG-Factor,Hyperglycemic-Glycogenolytic Factor,Proglucagon (33-61),HG Factor,Hyperglycemic Glycogenolytic Factor
D005951	Glucose Tolerance Test	A test to determine the ability of an individual to maintain HOMEOSTASIS of BLOOD GLUCOSE. It includes measuring blood glucose levels in a fasting state, and at prescribed intervals before and after oral glucose intake (75 or 100 g) or intravenous infusion (0.5 g/kg).	Intravenous Glucose Tolerance,Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test,OGTT,Oral Glucose Tolerance,Oral Glucose Tolerance Test,Glucose Tolerance Tests,Glucose Tolerance, Oral
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man