Rare earth elements (REE) have been shown to influence growth performance in animal production, especially in pigs. In the present study, the effect of oral administration of rare earth elements on growing rats was investigated. Pure LaCl3 or an REE mixture containing 38% of LaCl3, 52% of CeCl3, 3% of PrCl3 and 7% of chlorides of other REE were used at two different concentrations as supplements to the diets. Fifty male Wistar rats at 4 weeks of age were allotted to five experimental groups: a control group; a La-low group and a La-high group with 75 and 150 mg/kg LaCl3.6H2O, respectively; a REE-low and an REE-high group with 75 and 150 mg/kg REE mixture, respectively. The animals were housed in individual pens. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. After 18 days the oral supplementation of LaCl3.6H2O or of the REE mixture improved daily body weight gain (BWG) by up to 5 or 9% (p > 0.05), respectively. LaCl3.6H2O as well as the REE mixture had positive effects (p < 0.05) on feed conversion ratio (FCR) with a decreased ratio by up to 8 and 11%, respectively. Supplementation of REE also had clear effects on blood serum parameters. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) increased significantly (p < 0.05). At the same time, blood glucose level decreased and blood creatine level increased significantly (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in cholesterol, total protein, albumin and urea nitrogen among the groups. There was no significant difference in triglyceride level between the control and those REE groups, however, a significantly lower (p < 0.01) triglyceride level was found in the 150 mg/kg REE mixture group compared with that in 75 mg/kg REE mixture group and the 150 mg/kg LaCl3.6H2O group. The results suggest that oral supplementation of REE improves growth performance in rats as in pigs. In this respect, concentration and type of REE supplemented to the diets are two important factors herein.