Sixty-three patients with fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis were examined before and 1 month after preoperative therapy with antituberculosis agents. The time course of changes in the clinical and X-ray characteristics of the severity of the disease were compared with the alterations of different biochemical indices, including acute-phase proteins, proteolysis inhibitors, intoxication severity. It was demonstrated that improvement of clinical and X-ray characteristics of the severity of a process after preoperative preparation could be predicted with an accuracy of 83% from the baseline serum concentrations of albumin and ceruloplasmin. The accuracy of prediction does not increase when the levels of protease inhibitors, C-reactive protein, adenosine deaminase, medium-weight molecules are simultaneously studied. The likelihood of the clinical and X-ray characteristics becoming better is higher with enhanced ceruloplasmin activity and decreased albumin levels.