Biomaterial Database

[Review on hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and digital clubbing]. 2003

X Vandemergel, and G Decaux

Service de Médecine Interne Générale, Hôpital Erasme, U.L.B.

Clubbing was first described by Hippocrates more than 2.500 years ago. It may be seen alone or as part of an entity called hypertrophic osteoarthropathy which include periostitis, arthritis and sometimes thickening and edema of the skin around the affected joints. Pulmonary diseases such as cancer, abscess, empyema, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis are the major diseases known to be associate with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Digestive tract cancer, cyanogenic congenital heart disease are well known association. Many theories have attempted to explain the appearance of this sign but few have persisted. In this article, we review characteristics, relation with etiology and the basis of the pathophysiology of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and particularly of clubbing.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008169	Lung Abscess	Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	Abscess, Pulmonary,Abscesses, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Abscess,Pulmonary Abscesses,Abscess, Lung,Abscesses, Lung,Lung Abscesses
D008175	Lung Neoplasms	Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	Cancer of Lung,Lung Cancer,Pulmonary Cancer,Pulmonary Neoplasms,Cancer of the Lung,Neoplasms, Lung,Neoplasms, Pulmonary,Cancer, Lung,Cancer, Pulmonary,Cancers, Lung,Cancers, Pulmonary,Lung Cancers,Lung Neoplasm,Neoplasm, Lung,Neoplasm, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Cancers,Pulmonary Neoplasm
D010005	Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic	Symmetrical osteitis of the four limbs, chiefly localized to the phalanges and the terminal epiphyses of the long bones of the forearm and leg, sometimes extending to the proximal ends of the limbs and the flat bones, and accompanied by dorsal kyphosis and joint involvement. It is often secondary to chronic conditions of the lungs and heart. (Dorland, 27th ed)	Clubbed Fingers,Marie-Bamberger Disease,Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy, Secondary,Secondary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy,Clubbed Finger,Disease, Marie-Bamberger,Finger, Clubbed,Fingers, Clubbed,Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathies, Secondary,Marie Bamberger Disease,Osteoarthropathies, Secondary Hypertrophic,Secondary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathies
D010982	Platelet-Derived Growth Factor	Mitogenic peptide growth hormone carried in the alpha-granules of platelets. It is released when platelets adhere to traumatized tissues. Connective tissue cells near the traumatized region respond by initiating the process of replication.	Platelet Derived Growth Factor,Factor, Platelet-Derived Growth,Growth Factor, Platelet-Derived
D011453	Prostaglandins	A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.	Prostaglandin,Prostanoid,Prostanoids
D001987	Bronchiectasis	Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	Cylindrical Bronchiectasis,Cystic Bronchiectasis,Saccular Bronchiectasis,Varicose Bronchiectasis,Bronchiectases,Bronchiectasis, Cylindrical,Bronchiectasis, Cystic,Bronchiectasis, Saccular,Bronchiectasis, Varicose,Cylindrical Bronchiectases,Cystic Bronchiectases,Saccular Bronchiectases,Varicose Bronchiectases
D003550	Cystic Fibrosis	An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	Mucoviscidosis,Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas,Fibrocystic Disease of Pancreas,Pancreatic Cystic Fibrosis,Pulmonary Cystic Fibrosis,Cystic Fibrosis, Pancreatic,Cystic Fibrosis, Pulmonary,Fibrosis, Cystic,Pancreas Fibrocystic Disease,Pancreas Fibrocystic Diseases
D004067	Digestive System Neoplasms	Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	Cancer of Digestive System,Digestive System Cancer,Cancer of the Digestive System,Neoplasms, Digestive System,Cancer, Digestive System,Cancers, Digestive System,Digestive System Cancers,Digestive System Neoplasm,Neoplasm, Digestive System
D004653	Empyema	Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity.
D005293	Ferritins	Iron-containing proteins that are widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Their major function is to store IRON in a nontoxic bioavailable form. Each ferritin molecule consists of ferric iron in a hollow protein shell (APOFERRITINS) made of 24 subunits of various sequences depending on the species and tissue types.	Basic Isoferritin,Ferritin,Isoferritin,Isoferritin, Basic