Molecular epidemiology of endemic ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Liverpool. 2003

J E Corkill, and A J Komolafe, and T J Neal, and A Mortimore, and A B Alawattegama, and C A Hart
Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK. jecmm@liverpool.ac.uk

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae had been rarely detected on Merseyside and when found was associated with beta-lactamase producing strains, imported from abroad. However, in August 2000, two cases of infection with ciprofloxacin-resistant beta-lactamase-negative strains occurred in sexually unrelated patients with no history of foreign travel. Over the next 18 months a total of 120 patients presented with ciprofloxacin-resistant gonococci, from which 99 patient strains were available for study. Gonococcal DNA was subjected to molecular fingerprinting by polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by Taq1 digestion of their opa genes. Twelve differing opa-types were found, but 79 patients were infected with a single genotype, opa-type 1. The sexual histories of the majority of this group indicated acquisition in Merseyside. This endemic strain was further characterized by having the same amino acid substitutions on gyrA and parC genes. An endemic clone of ciprofloxacin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae has been established on Merseyside necessitating the introduction of ceftriaxone as first-line treatment. Despite the presence of 11 other clones in the city, opa type-1 strains have not yet been displaced, raising the possibility that this strain is endowed with added virulence/endemicity traits or that a number of source patients have not yet been found.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008487 Medical History Taking Acquiring information from a patient on past medical conditions and treatments. Medical History, Previous,Past Medical History, Family,Previous Medical History,Family Health History,Family History, Health,Family History, Medical,Family Medical History,History Taking, Medical,Family Health Histories,Family Medical Histories,Health Family Histories,Health Family History,Health History, Family,History, Previous Medical,Medical Family Histories,Medical Family History,Medical Histories, Previous,Medical History, Family,Previous Medical Histories
D008826 Microbial Sensitivity Tests Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses). Bacterial Sensitivity Tests,Drug Sensitivity Assay, Microbial,Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,Antibacterial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Antibiogram,Antimicrobial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Bacterial Sensitivity Test,Breakpoint Determination, Antibacterial Susceptibility,Breakpoint Determination, Antimicrobial Susceptibility,Fungal Drug Sensitivity Tests,Fungus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Sensitivity Test, Bacterial,Sensitivity Tests, Bacterial,Test, Bacterial Sensitivity,Tests, Bacterial Sensitivity,Viral Drug Sensitivity Tests,Virus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Antibiograms,Concentration, Minimum Inhibitory,Concentrations, Minimum Inhibitory,Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum,Inhibitory Concentrations, Minimum,Microbial Sensitivity Test,Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations,Sensitivity Test, Microbial,Sensitivity Tests, Microbial,Test, Microbial Sensitivity,Tests, Microbial Sensitivity
D009344 Neisseria gonorrhoeae A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria primarily found in purulent venereal discharges. It is the causative agent of GONORRHEA. Diplococcus gonorrhoeae,Gonococcus,Gonococcus neisseri,Merismopedia gonorrhoeae,Micrococcus der gonorrhoe,Micrococcus gonococcus,Micrococcus gonorrhoeae
D012150 Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment. RFLP,Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism,RFLPs,Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
D002443 Ceftriaxone A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears. Benaxona,Cefatriaxone,Cefaxona,Ceftrex,Ceftriaxon,Ceftriaxon Curamed,Ceftriaxon Hexal,Ceftriaxona Andreu,Ceftriaxona LDP Torlan,Ceftriaxone Irex,Ceftriaxone Sodium,Ceftriaxone Sodium, Anhydrous,Ceftriaxone, Disodium Salt,Ceftriaxone, Disodium Salt, Hemiheptahydrate,Lendacin,Longacef,Longaceph,Ro 13-9904,Ro-13-9904,Ro13-9904,Rocefalin,Rocefin,Rocephin,Rocephine,Tacex,Terbac,Anhydrous Ceftriaxone Sodium,Ro 13 9904,Ro 139904,Ro13 9904,Ro139904
D002939 Ciprofloxacin A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline. Bay-09867,Ciprinol,Cipro,Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride,Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Anhydrous,Ciprofloxacin Monohydrochloride Monohydrate,Anhydrous, Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride,Bay 09867,Bay09867,Hydrochloride Anhydrous, Ciprofloxacin,Hydrochloride, Ciprofloxacin,Monohydrate, Ciprofloxacin Monohydrochloride,Monohydrochloride Monohydrate, Ciprofloxacin
D004269 DNA, Bacterial Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria. Bacterial DNA
D004739 England A part of Great Britain within the United Kingdom.
D005260 Female Females

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