Biomaterial Database

Nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium in a teleost fish Anabas scandens: enzymological and biochemical changes. 1992

N B Venugopal, and S L Reddy

Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

The effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium (Cr3+ and Cr6+) compounds on renal and hepatic respiratory enzymes and metabolites of a freshwater fish, Anabas scandens, were studied. In a subchronic exposure of 30 days, both forms of chromium inhibited the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase, whereas the hexavalent form induced greater effects. The levels of pyruvate and lactate are not exactly reflected in lactate dehydrogenase activity.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007521	Isocitrate Dehydrogenase	An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate and NAD+ to yield 2-ketoglutarate, carbon dioxide, and NADH. It occurs in cell mitochondria. The enzyme requires Mg2+, Mn2+; it is activated by ADP, citrate, and Ca2+, and inhibited by NADH, NADPH, and ATP. The reaction is the key rate-limiting step of the citric acid (tricarboxylic) cycle. (From Dorland, 27th ed) (The NADP+ enzyme is EC 1.1.1.42.) EC 1.1.1.41.	NAD Isocitrate Dehydrogenase,Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NAD+),Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-I,Dehydrogenase, Isocitrate,Dehydrogenase, NAD Isocitrate,Isocitrate Dehydrogenase I,Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, NAD
D007668	Kidney	Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.	Kidneys
D007770	L-Lactate Dehydrogenase	A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.	Lactate Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, L-Lactate,Dehydrogenase, Lactate,L Lactate Dehydrogenase
D007773	Lactates	Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D008291	Malate Dehydrogenase	An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of (S)-malate and NAD+ to oxaloacetate and NADH. EC 1.1.1.37.	Malic Dehydrogenase,NAD-Malate Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, Malate,Dehydrogenase, Malic,Dehydrogenase, NAD-Malate,NAD Malate Dehydrogenase
D008297	Male		Males
D011773	Pyruvates	Derivatives of PYRUVIC ACID, including its salts and esters.
D002857	Chromium	A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.
D005399	Fishes	A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.