Comparison and evaluation of DRI methamphetamine, DRI ecstasy, Abuscreen ONLINE amphetamine, and a modified Abuscreen ONLINE amphetamine screening immunoassays for the detection of amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MTH), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in human urine. 2003

Peter R Stout, and Kevin L Klette, and Russell Wiegand
Aegis Sciences Corp., 345 Hill Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37210, USA.

The performances of four immunoassays (DRI amphetamines, DRI ecstasy, Abuscreen ONLINE amphetamines, and a modified Abuscreen ONLINE amphetamines) were evaluated for control failure rates, sensitivity, and specificity for amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MTH), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The two DRI reagents and the ONLINE reagents were run according to manufacturer specifications using a Roche Hitachi Modular DDP system. The modified ONLINE reagent was calibrated with MDMA and had 16mM sodium periodate added to the R2 reagent. These assays were run on approximately 27,500 human urine samples and 7000 control urine samples prepared at 350 and 674 ng/mL over the course of 8 days. All assays were calibrated using a single point, qualitative cutoff standard with the manufacturer-recommended compound at the Department of Defense cutoff (500 ng/mL). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmation was conducted on screened-positive samples. Control performance for the manufacturer recommended assays was excellent, with a maximum qualitative control failure rate of 2.03%. The modified ONLINE reagent demonstrated poor control performance with a maximum failure rate of 38.3% and showed no improved MDMA sensitivity when compared with the ONLINE reagent; the confirmation rate (20%) was improved when compared with the production ONLINE reagent (8%). The DRI ecstasy reagent provided improved sensitivity for MDMA as compared with the ONLINE reagent, with approximately 23% more samples screening and confirming positive for MDMA and a confirmation rate of approximately 90%. The DRI methamphetamine reagent had a low confirmation rate (6% or less) and produced numerous positives for samples with only ephedrine or pseudoephedrine present.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007118 Immunoassay A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance. Immunochromatographic Assay,Assay, Immunochromatographic,Assays, Immunochromatographic,Immunoassays,Immunochromatographic Assays
D007202 Indicators and Reagents Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499) Indicator,Reagent,Reagents,Indicators,Reagents and Indicators
D008401 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds. Chromatography, Gas-Liquid-Mass Spectrometry,Chromatography, Gas-Mass Spectrometry,GCMS,Spectrometry, Mass-Gas Chromatography,Spectrum Analysis, Mass-Gas Chromatography,Gas-Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectrometry-Gas Chromatography,Chromatography, Gas Liquid Mass Spectrometry,Chromatography, Gas Mass Spectrometry,Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry-Gas,Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Gas,Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Gas-Liquid,Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,Gas Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectrometry Gas Chromatography,Spectrometries, Mass-Gas Chromatography,Spectrometry, Gas Chromatography-Mass,Spectrometry, Gas-Liquid Chromatography-Mass,Spectrometry, Mass Gas Chromatography,Spectrometry-Gas Chromatography, Mass,Spectrum Analysis, Mass Gas Chromatography
D008694 Methamphetamine A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed. Deoxyephedrine,Desoxyephedrine,Desoxyn,Madrine,Metamfetamine,Methamphetamine Hydrochloride,Methylamphetamine,N-Methylamphetamine,Hydrochloride, Methamphetamine,N Methylamphetamine
D010504 Periodic Acid A strong oxidizing agent. Paraperiodic Acid,Periodic Acid (HIO4),Periodic Acids,Acid, Paraperiodic,Acid, Periodic,Acids, Periodic
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000661 Amphetamine A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. Desoxynorephedrin,Levoamphetamine,Phenopromin,l-Amphetamine,Amfetamine,Amphetamine Sulfate,Amphetamine Sulfate (2:1),Centramina,Fenamine,Mydrial,Phenamine,Thyramine,levo-Amphetamine,Sulfate, Amphetamine,l Amphetamine,levo Amphetamine
D012680 Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) Specificity,Sensitivity,Specificity and Sensitivity
D015104 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally. 3,4 Methylenedioxyamphetamine
D015813 Substance Abuse Detection Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. Urine screening is the usual method of detection. Drug Abuse Testing,Illicit Drug Testing,Street Drug Testing,Substance Abuse Testing,Drug Abuse Detection,Drug Abuse Screening,Illicit Drug Detection,Street Drug Detection,Detection, Drug Abuse,Detection, Illicit Drug,Detection, Street Drug,Detection, Substance Abuse,Detections, Drug Abuse,Detections, Illicit Drug,Detections, Street Drug,Detections, Substance Abuse,Drug Abuse Detections,Drug Abuse Screenings,Drug Abuse Testings,Drug Testing, Illicit,Drug Testings, Illicit,Illicit Drug Detections,Illicit Drug Testings,Screening, Drug Abuse,Screenings, Drug Abuse,Street Drug Detections,Street Drug Testings,Substance Abuse Detections,Substance Abuse Testings,Testing, Drug Abuse,Testing, Illicit Drug,Testing, Street Drug,Testing, Substance Abuse,Testings, Drug Abuse,Testings, Illicit Drug,Testings, Street Drug,Testings, Substance Abuse

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