Mandibulodental relations were evaluated in a sample of 34 adult Lycaon pictus crania (18 males, 16 females). Standard mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements, together with 8 mandibular measurements (intercondylar distance, intercarnassial breadth, mandibular length, arch length, condylar height, canine-condylar length, mandibular width, mandibular height) were allometrically scaled to total skull length. These results were then compared with those of domestic dogs and of 3 smaller southern African canids, Vulpes chama, Canis adustus and C. mesomelas. The results highlighted the differences in mandibulodental relations between males and females and provided support for the theory that females have relatively larger postcanine tooth sizes to match the higher masticatory demands of lactation and pregnancy. The African wild dog is shown to be more closely related dentally to the domestic dog than has previously been supposed.