Biomaterial Database

Electrical signaling in the olfactory bulb. 2003

Graeme Lowe

Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3308, USA. loweg@monell.org

The olfactory bulb employs lateral and feedback inhibitory pathways to distribute odor information across parallel assemblies of mitral and granule cells. The pathways involve dendritic action potentials that can interact with a variety of voltage-dependent conductances and synaptic transmission to produce complex and dynamic patterns of activity. Electrical coupling also helps to ensure proper coordination and synchronization of these patterns. These mechanisms provide numerous options for dynamic modulation and control of signaling in the olfactory bulb.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009830	Olfactory Bulb	Ovoid body resting on the CRIBRIFORM PLATE of the ethmoid bone where the OLFACTORY NERVE terminates. The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose DENDRITES the olfactory nerve synapses, forming the olfactory glomeruli. The accessory olfactory bulb, which receives the projection from the VOMERONASAL ORGAN via the vomeronasal nerve, is also included here.	Accessory Olfactory Bulb,Olfactory Tract,Bulbus Olfactorius,Lateral Olfactory Tract,Main Olfactory Bulb,Olfactory Glomerulus,Accessory Olfactory Bulbs,Bulb, Accessory Olfactory,Bulb, Main Olfactory,Bulb, Olfactory,Bulbs, Accessory Olfactory,Bulbs, Main Olfactory,Bulbs, Olfactory,Glomerulus, Olfactory,Lateral Olfactory Tracts,Main Olfactory Bulbs,Olfactorius, Bulbus,Olfactory Bulb, Accessory,Olfactory Bulb, Main,Olfactory Bulbs,Olfactory Bulbs, Accessory,Olfactory Bulbs, Main,Olfactory Tract, Lateral,Olfactory Tracts,Olfactory Tracts, Lateral,Tract, Lateral Olfactory,Tract, Olfactory,Tracts, Lateral Olfactory,Tracts, Olfactory
D003712	Dendrites	Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other NEURONS.	Dendrite
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000200	Action Potentials	Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.	Spike Potentials,Nerve Impulses,Action Potential,Impulse, Nerve,Impulses, Nerve,Nerve Impulse,Potential, Action,Potential, Spike,Potentials, Action,Potentials, Spike,Spike Potential
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015398	Signal Transduction	The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.	Cell Signaling,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Pathways,Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Transduction Pathways,Signal Transduction Systems,Pathway, Signal,Pathway, Signal Transduction,Pathways, Signal,Pathways, Signal Transduction,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions,Signal Pathway,Signal Transduction Pathway,Signal Transduction System,Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated,Signal Transductions,Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated,System, Signal Transduction,Systems, Signal Transduction,Transduction, Signal,Transductions, Signal
D018034	Olfactory Receptor Neurons	Neurons in the OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM with proteins (RECEPTORS, ODORANT) that bind, and thus detect, odorants. These neurons send their DENDRITES to the surface of the epithelium with the odorant receptors residing in the apical non-motile cilia. Their unmyelinated AXONS synapse in the OLFACTORY BULB of the BRAIN.	Neurons, Olfactory Receptor,Olfactory Receptor Cells,Olfactory Receptor Neuron,Olfactory Sensory Cells,Olfactory Sensory Cilia,Olfactory Sensory Neurons,Cell, Olfactory Receptor,Cell, Olfactory Sensory,Cells, Olfactory Receptor,Cells, Olfactory Sensory,Cilia, Olfactory Sensory,Cilias, Olfactory Sensory,Neuron, Olfactory Receptor,Neuron, Olfactory Sensory,Neurons, Olfactory Sensory,Olfactory Receptor Cell,Olfactory Sensory Cell,Olfactory Sensory Cilias,Olfactory Sensory Neuron,Receptor Cell, Olfactory,Receptor Cells, Olfactory,Receptor Neuron, Olfactory,Receptor Neurons, Olfactory,Sensory Cell, Olfactory,Sensory Cells, Olfactory,Sensory Cilia, Olfactory,Sensory Cilias, Olfactory,Sensory Neuron, Olfactory,Sensory Neurons, Olfactory