Biomaterial Database

Regulation of steroid hormone action in target cells by specific hormone-inactivating enzymes. 1992

A K Roy

Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7836.

The target cell sensitivity of steroid hormones is determined by the concerted action of specific hormone receptors and steroid-inactivating enzymes. In recent years, a considerable amount of knowledge has been obtained on hormone receptor concentration-based target cell sensitivity. However, an equal understanding of the role of specific steroid-inactivating enzymes in hormone action is absent. This review highlights the importance of specific steroid-inactivating enzymes in the control of target cell sensitivity of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. Two classes of enzymes that are actively involved in this process are hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases. Some of the target cells in which the critical roles of these enzymes have been extensively characterized are those of the kidney, endometrium, and liver. cDNA for many of these enzymes have already been cloned, and rapid progress in the elucidation of this component of steroid hormone action is anticipated.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011987	Receptors, Steroid	Proteins found usually in the cytoplasm or nucleus that specifically bind steroid hormones and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. The steroid receptor-steroid hormone complex regulates the transcription of specific genes.	Corticosteroid Receptors,Receptors, Corticosteroid,Steroid Receptors,Corticosteroid Receptor,Receptors, Steroids,Steroid Receptor,Receptor, Corticosteroid,Receptor, Steroid,Steroids Receptors
D006727	Hormone Antagonists	Chemical substances which inhibit the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.	Antagonists, Hormone
D006728	Hormones	Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.	Hormone,Hormone Receptor Agonists,Agonists, Hormone Receptor,Receptor Agonists, Hormone
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000305	Adrenal Cortex Hormones	HORMONES produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX, including both steroid and peptide hormones. The major hormones produced are HYDROCORTISONE and ALDOSTERONE.	Adrenal Cortex Hormone,Corticoid,Corticoids,Corticosteroid,Corticosteroids,Cortex Hormone, Adrenal,Hormone, Adrenal Cortex,Hormones, Adrenal Cortex
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012739	Gonadal Steroid Hormones	Steroid hormones produced by the GONADS. They stimulate reproductive organs, germ cell maturation, and the secondary sex characteristics in the males and the females. The major sex steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; and TESTOSTERONE.	Gonadal Steroid Hormone,Sex Hormone,Sex Steroid Hormone,Sex Steroid Hormones,Sex Hormones,Hormone, Gonadal Steroid,Hormone, Sex,Hormone, Sex Steroid,Hormones, Gonadal Steroid,Hormones, Sex Steroid,Steroid Hormone, Gonadal,Steroid Hormone, Sex,Steroid Hormones, Gonadal,Steroid Hormones, Sex
D013256	Steroids	A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)	Steroid,Catatoxic Steroids,Steroids, Catatoxic
D015067	17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases	A class of enzymes that catalyzes the oxidation of 17-hydroxysteroids to 17-ketosteroids. EC 1.1.-.	17 beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases,Testosterone Dehydrogenases,17-Ketosteroid Reductases,17 Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases,17 Ketosteroid Reductases,17 beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases,Dehydrogenases, 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid,Dehydrogenases, 17-Hydroxysteroid,Dehydrogenases, Testosterone,Reductases, 17-Ketosteroid
D015238	Sulfotransferases	Enzymes which transfer sulfate groups to various acceptor molecules. They are involved in posttranslational sulfation of proteins and sulfate conjugation of exogenous chemicals and bile acids. EC 2.8.2.	Sulfotransferase