1. Adrenal responses to intra-aortic infusions of pure synthetic ovine corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), and to electrical stimulation of the preganglionic sympathetic innervation, have been investigated in functionally hypophysectomized conscious calves, in the presence and absence of a specific CRF antagonist. 2. CRF exerted a substantial steroidogenic effect on the adrenal gland of functionally hypophysectomized calves when infused intra-aortically at a dose (1.3 ng min-1 kg-1) below that which caused any fall in the arterial blood pressure. This response was significantly reduced, but not abolished by a concomitant infusion of CRF-antagonist into the aorta. 3. The steroidogenic effect of CRF was significantly reduced in the presence of exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (2 ng min-1 kg-1, I.V.) and the surviving response was completely abolished by CRF-antagonist. 4. Stimulation of the peripheral end of the splanchnic nerve at 4 Hz in functionally hypophysectomized calves given exogenous ACTH produced a rise in mean adrenal output of the same order of magnitude as did exogenous CRF under the same conditions. The response to splanchnic nerve stimulation was apparently unaffected by CRF-antagonist although release of endogenous CRF from the gland was significantly increased thereby. 5. These results indicate that release of CRF from the adrenal gland during splanchnic nerve stimulation in the calf does not contribute significantly to the steroidogenic response thereto.