Biomaterial Database

Human muscle fiber types in power lifters, distance runners and untrained subjects. 1976

F P Prince, and R S Hikida, and F C Hagerman

Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of 12 males: 5 control subjects, 4 power lifters and 3 distance runners. Three fiber "types" were distinguished by comparing serial sections for alkaline myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activities: 1. high ATPase and low SDH; fast-twitch-glycolytic (FG). 2. High ATPase and high SDH; fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG). 3. Low ATPase and high SDH; slow-twitch-oxidative (SO). In some cases the distinction between the FOG and FG classess was not clear and a group termed "transitional" was employed. A variation in percentage of fiber types and fiber area was found among individuals. The percentage of SO fibers varied from 19.6-60.1% within all 3 groups, with a mean of 40.5%. In the control group approximately 75% of the fibers were oxidative (FOG + SO). The major characteristics of the lifters were a decrease in the percentage of FOG fibers and a hypertrophy of FOG and FG fibers. The distance runners had a high percentage of oxidative fibers with few FG fibers. It is suggested that the fast-twitch fibers are mainly involved in the adaptation of muscle to exercise since the percentage of SO fibers varies greatly among individuals within and between the 3 groups studied.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D009132	Muscles	Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.	Muscle Tissue,Muscle,Muscle Tissues,Tissue, Muscle,Tissues, Muscle
D010084	Oxidation-Reduction	A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).	Redox,Oxidation Reduction
D006019	Glycolysis	A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.	Embden-Meyerhof Pathway,Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway,Embden Meyerhof Parnas Pathway,Embden Meyerhof Pathway,Embden-Meyerhof Pathways,Pathway, Embden-Meyerhof,Pathway, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas,Pathways, Embden-Meyerhof
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000251	Adenosine Triphosphatases	A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.	ATPases,Adenosinetriphosphatase,ATPase,ATPase, DNA-Dependent,Adenosine Triphosphatase,DNA-Dependent ATPase,DNA-Dependent Adenosinetriphosphatases,ATPase, DNA Dependent,Adenosinetriphosphatases, DNA-Dependent,DNA Dependent ATPase,DNA Dependent Adenosinetriphosphatases,Triphosphatase, Adenosine
D013177	Sports	Activities or games, usually involving physical effort or skill. Reasons for engagement in sports include pleasure, competition, and/or financial reward.	Athletics,Athletic,Sport
D013385	Succinate Dehydrogenase	A flavoprotein containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of SUCCINATE to fumarate. In most eukaryotic organisms this enzyme is a component of mitochondrial electron transport complex II.	Succinic Oxidase,Fumarate Reductase,Succinic Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, Succinate,Dehydrogenase, Succinic,Oxidase, Succinic,Reductase, Fumarate