BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

Efficacy of nonoxynol 9 contraceptive sponge use in preventing heterosexual acquisition of HIV in Nairobi prostitutes. 1992

J Kreiss, and E Ngugi, and K Holmes, and J Ndinya-Achola, and P Waiyaki, and P L Roberts, and I Ruminjo, and R Sajabi, and J Kimata, and T R Fleming
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle.

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of the nonoxynol 9 contraceptive sponge in preventing sexual acquisition of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS Prospective, randomized placebo-controlled trial. METHODS Research clinic for prostitutes in Nairobi, Kenya. METHODS One hundred thirty-eight HIV-seronegative women were enrolled, of whom 74 were assigned to nonoxynol 9 sponge use and 64 to placebo use. These two groups did not significantly differ with respect to demographic characteristics, sexual practices, or prevalence of genital infections at enrollment, except for a lower number of sex partners per week and a higher initial prevalence of genital ulcers among women assigned to nonoxynol 9 sponge use. Among the 116 women who returned for follow-up, the mean durations of follow-up were 14 and 17 months for the two groups, respectively. METHODS HIV seroconversion. RESULTS Nonoxynol 9 sponge use was associated with an increased frequency of genital ulcers (relative risk [RR], 3.3; P less than .0001) and vulvitis (RR, 3.3; P less than .0001) and a reduced risk of gonococcal cervicitis (RR, 0.4; P less than .0001). Twenty-seven (45%) of 60 women in the nonoxynol 9 sponge group and 20 (36%) of 56 women in the placebo group developed HIV antibodies. The hazard ratio for the association between nonoxynol 9 sponge use and HIV seroconversion was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 3.0). Using multivariate analysis to control for the presence of genital ulcers at enrollment, the adjusted hazard ratio for the association between nonoxynol 9 sponge use and seroconversion was 1.6 (95% CI, 0.8 to 2.8). CONCLUSIONS Genital ulcers and vulvitis occurred with increased frequency in nonoxynol 9 sponge users. We were unable to demonstrate that nonoxynol 9 sponge use was effective in reducing the risk of HIV infection among highly exposed women.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007630 Kenya A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi. Republic of Kenya
D011092 Polyethylene Glycols Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS. Macrogols,Polyoxyethylenes,Carbowax,Macrogol,Polyethylene Glycol,Polyethylene Oxide,Polyethyleneoxide,Polyglycol,Glycol, Polyethylene,Glycols, Polyethylene,Oxide, Polyethylene,Oxides, Polyethylene,Polyethylene Oxides,Polyethyleneoxides,Polyglycols,Polyoxyethylene
D011446 Prospective Studies Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group. Prospective Study,Studies, Prospective,Study, Prospective
D011477 Sex Work The act or practice of engaging in sexual relations for money or other benefit. Commercial Sex,Prostitution,Sex Industry,Industries, Sex,Sex Industries,Sex, Commercial,Work, Sex
D003274 Contraceptive Devices, Female Contraceptive devices used by females. Cervical Cap,Coiled Spring,Vaginal Diaphragm,Vaginal Rings,Vaginal Shield,Vaginal Sponge,Cap, Cervical,Caps, Cervical,Cervical Caps,Coiled Springs,Contraceptive Device, Female,Device, Female Contraceptive,Devices, Female Contraceptive,Diaphragm, Vaginal,Diaphragms, Vaginal,Female Contraceptive Device,Female Contraceptive Devices,Ring, Vaginal,Rings, Vaginal,Shield, Vaginal,Shields, Vaginal,Sponge, Vaginal,Sponges, Vaginal,Spring, Coiled,Springs, Coiled,Vaginal Diaphragms,Vaginal Ring,Vaginal Shields,Vaginal Sponges
D003902 Detergents Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. Cleansing Agents,Detergent Pods,Laundry Detergent Pods,Laundry Pods,Syndet,Synthetic Detergent,Agent, Cleansing,Agents, Cleansing,Cleansing Agent,Detergent,Detergent Pod,Detergent Pod, Laundry,Detergent Pods, Laundry,Detergent, Synthetic,Detergents, Synthetic,Laundry Detergent Pod,Laundry Pod,Pod, Detergent,Pod, Laundry,Pod, Laundry Detergent,Pods, Detergent,Pods, Laundry,Pods, Laundry Detergent,Synthetic Detergents
D005260 Female Females
D005500 Follow-Up Studies Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease. Followup Studies,Follow Up Studies,Follow-Up Study,Followup Study,Studies, Follow-Up,Studies, Followup,Study, Follow-Up,Study, Followup
D005831 Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). Gynecologic Diseases,Female Genital Diseases,Diseases, Female Genital,Diseases, Gynecologic,Female Genital Disease,Genital Disease, Female,Gynecologic Disease
D006679 HIV Seropositivity Development of neutralizing antibodies in individuals who have been exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/HTLV-III/LAV). AIDS Seroconversion,AIDS Seropositivity,Anti-HIV Positivity,HIV Antibody Positivity,HIV Seroconversion,HTLV-III Seroconversion,HTLV-III Seropositivity,AIDS Seroconversions,AIDS Seropositivities,Anti HIV Positivity,Anti-HIV Positivities,Antibody Positivities, HIV,Antibody Positivity, HIV,HIV Antibody Positivities,HIV Seroconversions,HIV Seropositivities,HTLV III Seroconversion,HTLV III Seropositivity,HTLV-III Seroconversions,HTLV-III Seropositivities,Positivities, Anti-HIV,Positivities, HIV Antibody,Positivity, Anti-HIV,Positivity, HIV Antibody,Seroconversion, AIDS,Seroconversion, HIV,Seroconversion, HTLV-III,Seroconversions, AIDS,Seroconversions, HIV,Seroconversions, HTLV-III,Seropositivities, AIDS,Seropositivities, HIV,Seropositivities, HTLV-III,Seropositivity, AIDS,Seropositivity, HIV,Seropositivity, HTLV-III

Related Publications

J Kreiss, and E Ngugi, and K Holmes, and J Ndinya-Achola, and P Waiyaki, and P L Roberts, and I Ruminjo, and R Sajabi, and J Kimata, and T R Fleming
In vitro inactivation of HIV-1 by contraceptive sponge containing nonoxynol-9.
June 1988, Lancet (London, England),
J Kreiss, and E Ngugi, and K Holmes, and J Ndinya-Achola, and P Waiyaki, and P L Roberts, and I Ruminjo, and R Sajabi, and J Kimata, and T R Fleming
Intravaginal contraceptive sponge impregnated with nonoxynol-9. The development of sponge for clinical efficacy trials.
October 1980, Nihon Funin Gakkai zasshi,
J Kreiss, and E Ngugi, and K Holmes, and J Ndinya-Achola, and P Waiyaki, and P L Roberts, and I Ruminjo, and R Sajabi, and J Kimata, and T R Fleming
[Contraceptive efficacy of bioadhesive nonoxynol-9 Gel: comparison with nonoxynol-9 suppository].
October 2003, Zhonghua fu chan ke za zhi,
J Kreiss, and E Ngugi, and K Holmes, and J Ndinya-Achola, and P Waiyaki, and P L Roberts, and I Ruminjo, and R Sajabi, and J Kimata, and T R Fleming
Nonoxynol-9 ineffective in preventing HIV infection.
September 2002, Indian journal of medical sciences,
J Kreiss, and E Ngugi, and K Holmes, and J Ndinya-Achola, and P Waiyaki, and P L Roberts, and I Ruminjo, and R Sajabi, and J Kimata, and T R Fleming
Nonoxynol-9 ineffective in preventing HIV infection.
April 2003, Tropical doctor,
J Kreiss, and E Ngugi, and K Holmes, and J Ndinya-Achola, and P Waiyaki, and P L Roberts, and I Ruminjo, and R Sajabi, and J Kimata, and T R Fleming
Nonoxynol-9 for preventing vaginal acquisition of HIV infection by women from men.
January 2002, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews,
J Kreiss, and E Ngugi, and K Holmes, and J Ndinya-Achola, and P Waiyaki, and P L Roberts, and I Ruminjo, and R Sajabi, and J Kimata, and T R Fleming
[Contraceptive efficacy of bioadhesive benzalkonium chloride gel in comparison with nonoxynol-9 gel].
October 2006, Zhonghua fu chan ke za zhi,
J Kreiss, and E Ngugi, and K Holmes, and J Ndinya-Achola, and P Waiyaki, and P L Roberts, and I Ruminjo, and R Sajabi, and J Kimata, and T R Fleming
Nonoxynol-9 for preventing vaginal acquisition of sexually transmitted infections by women from men.
January 2002, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews,
J Kreiss, and E Ngugi, and K Holmes, and J Ndinya-Achola, and P Waiyaki, and P L Roberts, and I Ruminjo, and R Sajabi, and J Kimata, and T R Fleming
Use of nonoxynol-9.
July 1992, Lancet (London, England),
J Kreiss, and E Ngugi, and K Holmes, and J Ndinya-Achola, and P Waiyaki, and P L Roberts, and I Ruminjo, and R Sajabi, and J Kimata, and T R Fleming
Nonoxynol-9 in lubricated condoms. Results of a study in female prostitutes.
January 1996, Sexually transmitted diseases,
Copied contents to your clipboard!