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Glutathione homeostasis in rats chronically treated with ethanol. Evidence for an increased hepatic GSH export in vivo. 1992

M Kretzschmar, and D Reinhardt, and J Schlechtweg, and G Machnik, and W Klinger, and W Schirrmeister
Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.

The influence of chronic ethanol feeding to rats on the hepatic glutathione (GSH and GSSG) system (synthesis, catabolism, export) and on the GSH and GSSG concentrations in extrahepatic tissues was investigated. Histological examination of livers from ethanol pretreated rats revealed a minor dilatation of the hepatic sinusoids. After ethanol administration the distribution pattern of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (enzymehistochemistry) was nearly unchanged, but the hepatic activity of this enzyme was increased. The ethanol pretreatment led to a decrease in hepatic GSH content. The hepatic activity of the GSSG-reductase were increased after ethanol treatment whereas the activities of the GSH synthesizing enzymes (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-synthetase and GSH-synthetase) were not affected. A strong increase in sinusoidal GSH export was found in the ethanol-pretreated rats. The GSH- and GSSG concentrations of brain, lung, kidney and skeletal muscle were unchanged. It can be concluded that the ethanol-induced alteration of the hepatic GSH metabolism is caused mainly by changes of the sinusoidal membrane of the hepatocytes (direct effect of ethanol on the sinusoidal GSH carrier) leading to an increased GSH export into plasma. This effect should not due to an increased extrahepatic requirement for GSH.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008099 Liver A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances. Livers
D008168 Lung Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood. Lungs
D008297 Male Males
D009132 Muscles Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals. Muscle Tissue,Muscle,Muscle Tissues,Tissue, Muscle,Tissues, Muscle
D001923 Brain Chemistry Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states. Chemistry, Brain,Brain Chemistries,Chemistries, Brain
D005723 gamma-Glutamyltransferase An enzyme, sometimes called GGT, with a key role in the synthesis and degradation of GLUTATHIONE; (GSH, a tripeptide that protects cells from many toxins). It catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid. GGTP,Glutamyl Transpeptidase,gammaglutamyltransferase,gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase,Transpeptidase, Glutamyl,Transpeptidase, gamma-Glutamyl,gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase,gamma Glutamyltransferase
D005978 Glutathione A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides. Reduced Glutathione,gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly,gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-Cysteinylglycine,Glutathione, Reduced,gamma L Glu L Cys Gly,gamma L Glutamyl L Cysteinylglycine
D000431 Ethanol A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. Alcohol, Ethyl,Absolute Alcohol,Grain Alcohol,Alcohol, Absolute,Alcohol, Grain,Ethyl Alcohol
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017208 Rats, Wistar A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain. Wistar Rat,Rat, Wistar,Wistar Rats

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