Biomaterial Database

Specificity of the permissive effect of D-glucose on insulin release in chicken pancreas. 1992

N Rideau, and J Simon

Station de Recherches Avicoles, I.N.R.A., Nouzilly, France.

1. As previously shown, 14 mM D-glucose, a non-insulinotropic concentration in isolated chicken pancreas, permits an insulin release in response to D-glyceraldehyde, (D-GA; a glycolytic fuel) and L-leucine or alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (alpha-KIC) (non-glycolytic fuels), which alone are not initiators of insulin release in this species. 2. The "permissive" effect of D-glucose was also observed in the presence of D-mannose (which, as shown herein, is not insulinotropic alone). 3. The specificity of glucose for this "permissive" effect was, therefore, subsequently questioned in the presence of 10 mM alpha-KIC by substituting various glycolytic and non-glycolytic fuels to glucose. 4. D-GA (at 5 and 15 mM), D-mannose (30 and 50 mM), or the association of L-glutamine + L-asparagine permitted an insulin release in response to alpha-KIC. 5. The response was, however, delayed with D-GA, only occasionally with 50 mM D-mannose, and required high concentrations and was delayed in the presence of L-glutamine + L-asparagine as compared to that obtained with 14 mM D-glucose + alpha-KIC. 6. In conclusion, the threshold of fuel-induced insulin release is much higher in the chicken than in mammals and this threshold is most efficiently lowered by glucose.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007328	Insulin	A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).	Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D007515	Islets of Langerhans	Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN.	Islands of Langerhans,Islet Cells,Nesidioblasts,Pancreas, Endocrine,Pancreatic Islets,Cell, Islet,Cells, Islet,Endocrine Pancreas,Islet Cell,Islet, Pancreatic,Islets, Pancreatic,Langerhans Islands,Langerhans Islets,Nesidioblast,Pancreatic Islet
D007651	Keto Acids	Carboxylic acids that contain a KETONE group.	Oxo Acids,Oxoacids,Acids, Keto,Acids, Oxo
D008297	Male		Males
D008358	Mannose	A hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	D-Mannose,Mannopyranose,Mannopyranoside,D Mannose
D008757	Methylglucosides		Methylglucopyranosides
D010477	Perfusion	Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.	Perfusions
D002645	Chickens	Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.	Gallus gallus,Gallus domesticus,Gallus gallus domesticus,Chicken
D005947	Glucose	A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.	Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose
D005973	Glutamine	A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.	D-Glutamine,L-Glutamine,D Glutamine,L Glutamine