Thirty-two long-term survivors after treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy for neuroblastoma (NRB) and Wilms' tumour (WT) were re-evaluated after a period of more than 10 years (mean 16 yr 1 mo, range 27 yr 2 mo/10 yr 5 mo). In addition to routine clinical and laboratory studies, all patients underwent auxometry, echocardiography, spinal X-ray, abdominal US and kidney radionuclide scans. Neither obvious physical signs nor cutaneous toxicity were noted at inspection. No dysmenorrhoea or sexual disorders were mentioned. Haematological data turned out to be all in the normal range, except for TIBC/UIBC ratio (out of range in 70 % of cases); gammaGt (62.5 %); A/G ratio (12.5 %); ALT (37.5 %). Auxometrical data were all in the normal range; in particular, results of mean weight and height were just slightly over the 50 degrees centile. Spinal X-rays revealed mild kyphotic deformities (68.9 %), pelvic obliquity and tilting (62.5 %), rotation of the vertebral bodies (34.3 %) and compensatory curves of the spine (21.8 %). No impairment of cardiac functions was noted at echocardiography. No alteration of the hepatic structure was detectable at US scans. Marked impairment of the renal function (20 % and 1.5 % residual function) was detected at radionuclide imaging in 2 NRB patients who had not undergone nephrectomy, with the kidney having almost disappeared in one. In conclusion, the study emphasises the need for careful and prolonged follow-up for the detection of sequelae than can appear even many years after the initial treatment, and the wisdom and the need for a continued search for less aggressive protocols; as long as the cure rate is not compromised, less aggressive protocols should aim for a satisfactory overall survival with a reduced incidence of sequelae and hence a better quality of life.