Prostate specific antigen density: a means of distinguishing benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer. 1992

M C Benson, and I S Whang, and A Pantuck, and K Ring, and S A Kaplan, and C A Olsson, and W H Cooner
J. Bentley Squier Urological Clinic, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York.

Isolated prostate specific antigen (PSA) determinations in asymptomatic individuals have not demonstrated sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be useful in the routine evaluation of prostate disease. To enhance the accuracy of serum PSA we have used a quotient of serum PSA and prostate volume, which we refer to as prostate specific antigen density (PSAD). Prostate volume in this study was calculated from magnetic resonance imaging determinations of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) or from the dimensions of the surgical specimen of cancer using the formula, length x width x depth x 0.5 = volume. A total of 61 patients with prostatic disease clinically confined to the prostate glands (41 with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy and 20 with BPH) was evaluated. The mean PSAD for prostate cancer was 0.581 while that for BPH was 0.044 (p less than 0.002). No patient with BPH had a PSAD of greater than 0.117 and only 1 patient had a density of 0.1 or greater. Of 34 patients with a PSAD of 0.1 or greater 33 had prostate cancer. Only 2 of the 41 prostate cancer patients and 14 of the BPH patients had a PSAD of 0.05 or less. There were 11 patients with a PSAD of greater than 0.05 and less than 0.1, including 6 with prostate cancer (1 with P0 disease) and 5 with BPH. Of the 6 prostate cancer patients 5 had a PSA of 4.0 or less and among the 5 patients with BPH 4 had a serum PSA of greater than 4.0 and 1 had a PSA of greater than 10. These results suggest that PSAD may be useful in distinguishing BPH and prostate cancer.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D011470 Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both. Adenoma, Prostatic,Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia,Prostatic Adenoma,Prostatic Hyperplasia, Benign,Prostatic Hypertrophy,Prostatic Hypertrophy, Benign,Adenomas, Prostatic,Benign Prostatic Hyperplasias,Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy,Hyperplasia, Benign Prostatic,Hyperplasia, Prostatic,Hyperplasias, Benign Prostatic,Hypertrophies, Prostatic,Hypertrophy, Benign Prostatic,Hypertrophy, Prostatic,Prostatic Adenomas,Prostatic Hyperplasias, Benign,Prostatic Hypertrophies
D011471 Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. Cancer of Prostate,Prostate Cancer,Cancer of the Prostate,Neoplasms, Prostate,Neoplasms, Prostatic,Prostate Neoplasms,Prostatic Cancer,Cancer, Prostate,Cancer, Prostatic,Cancers, Prostate,Cancers, Prostatic,Neoplasm, Prostate,Neoplasm, Prostatic,Prostate Cancers,Prostate Neoplasm,Prostatic Cancers,Prostatic Neoplasm
D003720 Densitometry The measurement of the density of a material by measuring the amount of light or radiation passing through (or absorbed by) the material. Densitometries
D003937 Diagnosis, Differential Determination of which one of two or more diseases or conditions a patient is suffering from by systematically comparing and contrasting results of diagnostic measures. Diagnoses, Differential,Differential Diagnoses,Differential Diagnosis
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000951 Antigens, Neoplasm Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin. Neoplasm Antigens,Tumor Antigen,Tumor Antigens,Antigen, Tumor,Antigens, Tumor
D014408 Biomarkers, Tumor Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or BODY FLUIDS. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including HORMONES; ANTIGENS; amino and NUCLEIC ACIDS; ENZYMES; POLYAMINES; and specific CELL MEMBRANE PROTEINS and LIPIDS. Biochemical Tumor Marker,Cancer Biomarker,Carcinogen Markers,Markers, Tumor,Metabolite Markers, Neoplasm,Tumor Biomarker,Tumor Marker,Tumor Markers, Biochemical,Tumor Markers, Biological,Biochemical Tumor Markers,Biological Tumor Marker,Biological Tumor Markers,Biomarkers, Cancer,Marker, Biochemical Tumor,Marker, Biologic Tumor,Marker, Biological Tumor,Marker, Neoplasm Metabolite,Marker, Tumor Metabolite,Markers, Biochemical Tumor,Markers, Biological Tumor,Markers, Neoplasm Metabolite,Markers, Tumor Metabolite,Metabolite Markers, Tumor,Neoplasm Metabolite Markers,Tumor Markers, Biologic,Tumor Metabolite Marker,Biologic Tumor Marker,Biologic Tumor Markers,Biomarker, Cancer,Biomarker, Tumor,Cancer Biomarkers,Marker, Tumor,Markers, Biologic Tumor,Markers, Carcinogen,Metabolite Marker, Neoplasm,Metabolite Marker, Tumor,Neoplasm Metabolite Marker,Tumor Biomarkers,Tumor Marker, Biochemical,Tumor Marker, Biologic,Tumor Marker, Biological,Tumor Markers,Tumor Metabolite Markers
D017430 Prostate-Specific Antigen A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Kallikrein hK3,gamma-Seminoprotein,hK3 Kallikrein,Prostate Specific Antigen,Semenogelase,Seminin,Kallikrein, hK3,gamma Seminoprotein

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