In multiple sclerosis and experimental demyelination, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are able to repair myelin lesions of the central nervous system. However, spontaneous myelin repair is often insufficient. Several approaches to enhance remyelination have been considered and transplantation of myelin-forming cells has been proposed as one of them. In this paper, we present results which confirm the ability of transplanted Schwann cells to remyelinate an induced demyelinated lesion of the spinal cord. Schwann cells were either purified Schwann cells isolated from 1-2-day-old rat sciatic nerves, or immortalized Schwann cells (MSC80) arising from a purified culture of 7-day-old mouse sciatic nerves. They were transplanted into or at a distance from a lysolecithin-induced lesion of the Shiverer spinal cord. Labelling of the Schwann cells with the fluorochrome Hoechst 33342 enabled us to trace them after transplantation in their host and evaluate their ability to reach and to repair the demyelinated lesion. Using the Hoechst-Shiverer model, we show that when transplanted in the lesion, cultured Schwann cells, even immortalized, are able to remyelinate such a lesion efficiently. In addition, when transplanted at a distance from the lesion, they are able to reach and repair the lesion in time frames which allow them to compete actively with host oligodendrocytes.