Biomaterial Database

Freezing preservation of the mammalian cardiac explant. V. Cryoprotection by ethanol. 1992

T Wang, and M C Banker, and M Claydon, and G L Hicks, and J R Layne

Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, New York 14642.

We studied the colligative cryoprotective effect of ethanol (EtOH) in preserving the isolated rat heart frozen at -3.4 degrees C or unfrozen at -1.4 degrees C. Addition of 4.7% (v/v) EtOH to a cardioplegic solution, CP-14, raised the osmolality from 280 to 1100 mOsm/kg H2O and lowered the melting point from -0.52 to -2.1 degrees C. Freezing of the cardiac explant at -3.4 degrees C for 6 h resulted in 34.3 +/- 1.9% of the tissue water as ice; recovery of cardiac output (CO) was 50%. Polyethylene glycol, which at 5% (w/v) has been shown to cryoprotect the hearts during freezing at -1.4 degrees C, did not improve the protective effect of 4.7% EtOH. CP-14 + 4.7% EtOH did not freeze at -1.4 degrees C. After 6 h storage, CO in hearts flushed with CP-14 + 4.7% EtOH oxygenated with 95% O2/5%CO2 returned to almost control level and was much higher than that in hearts flushed with 100% O2 saturated-CP-14 + 4.7% EtOH. Storage of 8 and 12 h reduced CO to 87 +/- 9 and 60 +/- 5% of control. By employing EtOH as a colligative cryoprotectant, we preserved the adult mammalian heart frozen at -3.4 degrees C or unfrozen at -1.4 degrees C, suggesting that this small molecular weight, penetrating substance may be a suitable cryoprotectant for long-term storage of the cardiac explant at high subzero temperatures.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007053	Ice	The solid substance formed by the FREEZING of water.
D008297	Male		Males
D009994	Osmolar Concentration	The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.	Ionic Strength,Osmolality,Osmolarity,Concentration, Osmolar,Concentrations, Osmolar,Ionic Strengths,Osmolalities,Osmolar Concentrations,Osmolarities,Strength, Ionic,Strengths, Ionic
D011092	Polyethylene Glycols	Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.	Macrogols,Polyoxyethylenes,Carbowax,Macrogol,Polyethylene Glycol,Polyethylene Oxide,Polyethyleneoxide,Polyglycol,Glycol, Polyethylene,Glycols, Polyethylene,Oxide, Polyethylene,Oxides, Polyethylene,Polyethylene Oxides,Polyethyleneoxides,Polyglycols,Polyoxyethylene
D002302	Cardiac Output	The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).	Cardiac Outputs,Output, Cardiac,Outputs, Cardiac
D005069	Evaluation Studies as Topic	Works about studies that determine the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies.	Critique,Evaluation Indexes,Evaluation Methodology,Evaluation Report,Evaluation Research,Methodology, Evaluation,Pre-Post Tests,Qualitative Evaluation,Quantitative Evaluation,Theoretical Effectiveness,Use-Effectiveness,Critiques,Effectiveness, Theoretical,Evaluation Methodologies,Evaluation Reports,Evaluation, Qualitative,Evaluation, Quantitative,Evaluations, Qualitative,Evaluations, Quantitative,Indexes, Evaluation,Methodologies, Evaluation,Pre Post Tests,Pre-Post Test,Qualitative Evaluations,Quantitative Evaluations,Report, Evaluation,Reports, Evaluation,Research, Evaluation,Test, Pre-Post,Tests, Pre-Post,Use Effectiveness
D006321	Heart	The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.	Hearts
D000431	Ethanol	A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	Alcohol, Ethyl,Absolute Alcohol,Grain Alcohol,Alcohol, Absolute,Alcohol, Grain,Ethyl Alcohol
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013696	Temperature	The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.	Temperatures