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To examine the role of the subfornical organ (SFO) in the osmotic activation of hypothalamic neurons, the responses of the SFO to osmotic stimulation were evaluated by using c-Fos protein immunohistochemistry. Numerous c-Fos-immunoreactive nuclei were found in the SFO of rats injected i.p. with hypertonic saline solution as early as 30 min after stimulation, and the effect lasted up to 3 h. Only a few c-Fos-positive cells were detected in the SFO of rats injected with isotonic saline. However, electrolytic lesions of the SFO did not prevent the osmotic activation of the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. These data suggest that the SFO and the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei are simultaneously but separately activated by osmotic stress.
L Giovannelli, and
F E Bloom
November 1995,
Brain research,
L Giovannelli, and
F E Bloom
April 2001,
Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica],
L Giovannelli, and
F E Bloom
September 1983,
Brain research,
L Giovannelli, and
F E Bloom
June 1990,
The Journal of comparative neurology,
L Giovannelli, and
F E Bloom
August 2013,
Behavioural brain research,
L Giovannelli, and
F E Bloom
December 1996,
Neuroscience letters,
L Giovannelli, and
F E Bloom
September 1996,
Neuroreport,
L Giovannelli, and
F E Bloom
April 1995,
Experimental neurology,
L Giovannelli, and
F E Bloom
September 1989,
Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology,
L Giovannelli, and
F E Bloom
March 2004,
Journal of neuroendocrinology,
