Biomaterial Database

Protein calorie malnutrition and cancer therapy. 1992

H L Parnes, and J Aisner

Department of Medicine and Oncology, University of Maryland Cancer Center, Baltimore.

Anorexia and cachexia frequently complicate the late stages of malignancy and may be a prominent feature of early disease. The resulting weight loss often becomes a major focus of concern for the patient and the family and may significantly add to the morbidity and mortality of cancer. Factors which contribute to the wasting syndrome include the effects of the tumour, effects of chemotherapy, abnormalities of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and the cytokine response. Administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is an important method of addressing malnutrition, particularly in patients with nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tracts. A critical review of the TPN cancer literature is provided along with a discussion of new approaches and future directions in the nutritional support of patients with malignant disease, such as anabolic agents, hydrazine sulfate and megestrol.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008535	Megestrol	A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.	17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-3,6-diene-3,20-dione,Pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione, 17-hydroxy-6-methyl-
D009369	Neoplasms	New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	Benign Neoplasm,Cancer,Malignant Neoplasm,Tumor,Tumors,Benign Neoplasms,Malignancy,Malignant Neoplasms,Neoplasia,Neoplasm,Neoplasms, Benign,Cancers,Malignancies,Neoplasias,Neoplasm, Benign,Neoplasm, Malignant,Neoplasms, Malignant
D010289	Parenteral Nutrition, Total	The delivery of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient whose sole source of nutrients is via solutions administered intravenously, subcutaneously, or by some other non-alimentary route. The basic components of TPN solutions are protein hydrolysates or free amino acid mixtures, monosaccharides, and electrolytes. Components are selected for their ability to reverse catabolism, promote anabolism, and build structural proteins.	Hyperalimentation, Parenteral,Intravenous Hyperalimentation,Nutrition, Total Parenteral,Parenteral Hyperalimentation,Total Parenteral Nutrition,Hyperalimentation, Intravenous
D011502	Protein-Energy Malnutrition	The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.	Marasmus,Protein-Calorie Malnutrition,Malnutrition, Protein-Calorie,Malnutrition, Protein-Energy,Malnutritions, Protein-Energy,Protein Calorie Malnutrition,Protein Energy Malnutrition
D002100	Cachexia	General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.
D003131	Combined Modality Therapy	The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.	Multimodal Treatment,Therapy, Combined Modality,Combined Modality Therapies,Modality Therapies, Combined,Modality Therapy, Combined,Multimodal Treatments,Therapies, Combined Modality,Treatment, Multimodal,Treatments, Multimodal
D006728	Hormones	Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.	Hormone,Hormone Receptor Agonists,Agonists, Hormone Receptor,Receptor Agonists, Hormone
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006834	Hydrazines	Substituted derivatives of hydrazine (formula H2N-NH2).	Hydrazide
D000855	Anorexia	The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	Anorexias