Biomaterial Database

The repair of DNA alkylation damage by methyltransferases and glycosylases. 1992

L D Samson

Department of Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009699	N-Glycosyl Hydrolases	A class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of nitrogen-linked sugars.	Glycoside Hydrolases, Nitrogen-linked,Hydrolases, N-Glycosyl,Nucleosidase,Nucleosidases,Nucleoside Hydrolase,Nitrogen-linked Glycoside Hydrolases,Nucleoside Hydrolases,Glycoside Hydrolases, Nitrogen linked,Hydrolase, Nucleoside,Hydrolases, N Glycosyl,Hydrolases, Nitrogen-linked Glycoside,Hydrolases, Nucleoside,N Glycosyl Hydrolases,Nitrogen linked Glycoside Hydrolases
D004249	DNA Damage	Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.	DNA Injury,DNA Lesion,DNA Lesions,Genotoxic Stress,Stress, Genotoxic,Injury, DNA,DNA Injuries
D004260	DNA Repair	The removal of DNA LESIONS and/or restoration of intact DNA strands without BASE PAIR MISMATCHES, intrastrand or interstrand crosslinks, or discontinuities in the DNA sugar-phosphate backbones.	DNA Damage Response
D004926	Escherichia coli	A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.	Alkalescens-Dispar Group,Bacillus coli,Bacterium coli,Bacterium coli commune,Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli,E coli,EAggEC,Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli,Enterococcus coli,Diffusely Adherent E. coli,Enteroaggregative E. coli,Enteroinvasive E. coli,Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000478	Alkylation	The covalent bonding of an alkyl group to an organic compound. It can occur by a simple addition reaction or by substitution of another functional group.	Alkylations
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015254	DNA Modification Methylases	Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They are responsible for producing a species-characteristic methylation pattern, on either adenine or cytosine residues, in a specific short base sequence in the host cell's own DNA. This methylated sequence will occur many times in the host-cell DNA and remain intact for the lifetime of the cell. Any DNA from another species which gains entry into a living cell and lacks the characteristic methylation pattern will be recognized by the restriction endonucleases of similar specificity and destroyed by cleavage. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms.	DNA Modification Methyltransferases,Modification Methylases,Methylases, DNA Modification,Methylases, Modification,Methyltransferases, DNA Modification,Modification Methylases, DNA,Modification Methyltransferases, DNA
D045647	DNA Glycosylases	A family of DNA repair enzymes that recognize damaged nucleotide bases and remove them by hydrolyzing the N-glycosidic bond that attaches them to the sugar backbone of the DNA molecule. The process called BASE EXCISION REPAIR can be completed by a DNA-(APURINIC OR APYRIMIDINIC SITE) LYASE which excises the remaining RIBOSE sugar from the DNA.	DNA N-glycosidase,DNA Glycosylase,Methylpurine DNA Glycosylase,DNA Glycosylase, Methylpurine,DNA N glycosidase,Glycosylase, DNA,Glycosylase, Methylpurine DNA,Glycosylases, DNA