In serous and secretory otitis media a reduction of bone conduction frequently exists besides the loss of air conduction. In 304 audiograms of ears with serous and viscous fluid in the middle ear there was a depression of the bone conduction between 15 and 40 dB in 40%. This bone conduction loss was reversible after the aeration of the tympanic cavity. That means that we deal with a false nerve deafness in many of these cases.