Biomaterial Database

Chronic ethanol consumption induces accumulation of proteins in the liver Golgi apparatus and decreases galactosyltransferase activity. 1992

R Guasch, and J Renau-Piqueras, and C Guerri

Instituto Investigaciones Citológicas, Valencia, Spain.

The effect of chronic ethanol consumption on labeled glycoprotein secretion and galactosyltransferase activity has been analyzed in cis- and trans-Golgi apparatus fractions isolated from rat liver. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 3H-leucine, after different chase periods (30, 60, 180 min), and the radioactivity of the different subcellular fractions as well as of the isolated Golgi apparatus was measured. Chronic alcohol treatment induces an increase in liver weight as well as an enhancement of total liver protein. Ethanol treatment produces a significant accumulation of labeled proteins in isolated Golgi apparatus fractions after a 60- and 180-min chase. An accumulation of labeled proteins in the cytosolic fraction was observed only after 180 min. The alcohol treatment also induces a significant decrease in the activity of galactosyltransferase in both liver homogenate and Golgi apparatus fractions. These results suggest that an impairment of Golgi apparatus functions, including glycosylation and glycoprotein trafficking, could be one of the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of hepatic protein and thus in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced injury in the liver of chronic ethanol-consuming animals.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D007930	Leucine	An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.	L-Leucine,Leucine, L-Isomer,L-Isomer Leucine,Leucine, L Isomer
D008108	Liver Diseases, Alcoholic	Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	Alcoholic Liver Diseases,Alcoholic Liver Disease,Liver Disease, Alcoholic
D008854	Microscopy, Electron	Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.	Electron Microscopy
D009929	Organ Size	The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.	Organ Volume,Organ Weight,Size, Organ,Weight, Organ
D011506	Proteins	Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.	Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D005260	Female		Females
D005700	Galactosyltransferases	Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of galactose from a nucleoside diphosphate galactose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.	Galactosyltransferase
D006056	Golgi Apparatus	A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)	Golgi Complex,Apparatus, Golgi,Complex, Golgi
D000437	Alcoholism	A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	Alcohol Abuse,Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic,Ethanol Abuse,Alcohol Addiction,Alcohol Dependence,Alcohol Use Disorder,Abuse, Alcohol,Abuse, Ethanol,Addiction, Alcohol,Alcohol Use Disorders,Chronic Alcoholic Intoxication,Dependence, Alcohol,Intoxication, Chronic Alcoholic,Use Disorders, Alcohol