OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency, spectrum of indications and complications and maternal morbidity rate connected with Caesarean sections as the most frequent mode of operative delivery. METHODS Retrospective, epidemiologic and comparative clinical study. METHODS Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Martin, Slovak Republic. METHODS The authors retrospectively analyzed clinical data during a ten-years period. The number of deliveries, premature deliveries, frequency of Caesarean section, indications and maternal morbidity rate were determined. Further, a special attention was paid to premature deliveries and the related frequency of Caesarean sections and maternal morbidity rate in this group. In addition, the effectiveness of a complex pre-operative management was evaluated. RESULTS The evidence shows that the natality rate is decreasing and the incidence of premature deliveries is increasing. The frequency of Caesarean sections is relatively stable with lower morbidity rate in the group of premature Caesarean deliveries. The positive effect of antibiotics, heparin and anti-aspiration medication within a complex pre-operative management was proved to decrease the frequency and severity of complications. CONCLUSIONS The maternal morbidity rate following Caesarean delivery is relatively low, owing to the use of prophylaxis. However, it is vital to keep to the indications for Caesarean termination of the pregnancy, because there is still substantial mortality rate connected with it.