Refractive surgery has been used widely in some countries for the last 20 years for the correction of myopia. Radial keratotomy and keratomileusis, the most common procedures, may concur with retinal detachment. A total of 14 eyes in 12 patients, 7 after keratomileusis and 7 after radial keratotomy, which had either asymptomatic or symptomatic retinal breaks, subclinical and clinical rhegmatogenous retinal detachments, or both, are discussed here. Five eyes were treated with either laser photocoagulation or cryopexy alone, seven eyes with a scleral buckling procedure, one eye with vitrectomy, and one eye was not operated on. At the final follow-up examination, anatomic reattachment had been achieved in 12 of 14 eyes (85.7%). Visual acuity improved in 3 eyes (21.4%), remained stable in 9 eyes (64.3%), and was worse in 2 eyes (14.3%). The scleral buckling procedures used in the repair of retinal detachment induced refractive changes by modifying axial length and corneal curvature, with recurrence of myopia and astigmatism. Myopia increased a mean of -3.00 diopters in 6 of 7 eyes (86%). Myopic astigmatism power changed a mean of -1.00 diopter in 5 eyes (71%), and the astigmatic axes shifted in 3 eyes (43%). This situation could be prevented with an early peripheral search for and treatment of peripheral retinal degenerative pathologic changes, by avoiding encircling bucklings, or by using alternative methods of treatment.