Biomaterial Database

Endosulfan effects on muscle malate dehydrogenase of the freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus. 2003

Rajnikant Mishra, and S P Shukla

Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India. rmishra@odin.mdacc.tmc.edu

The effects of a sublethal concentration of an organochlorine pesticide endosulfan were investigated on crude and purified forms of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (cMDH) and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH) in the muscle of the freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus. Endosulfan treatment reduced significantly the activity and the specific activity of cMDH and mMDH but had no effect on total cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein contents. This indicates a decline in the efficiency of aerobic energy metabolism in endosulfan-treated fish. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed two distinct isoforms (C1 and C2) of cMDH and only one form of mMDH. The inhibition produced by endosulfan in vivo was of mixed noncompetitive/uncompetitive type for crude as well as purified cMDH and mMDH. However, in vitro inhibition was of simple noncompetitive and mixed competitive/noncompetitive type for purified cMDH and mMDH, respectively. Citrate was found to be an uncompetitive inhibitor of cMDH and mixed noncompetitive/uncompetitve inhibitor of mMDH. The inhibitory patterns were modulated by endosulfan. These results demonstrate inhibitory effects of endosulfan on skeletal muscle MDH of the freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus and inhibition effects are mediated through enzyme/substrate/endosulfan complexing.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007306	Insecticides	Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.	Insecticide
D008291	Malate Dehydrogenase	An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of (S)-malate and NAD+ to oxaloacetate and NADH. EC 1.1.1.37.	Malic Dehydrogenase,NAD-Malate Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, Malate,Dehydrogenase, Malic,Dehydrogenase, NAD-Malate,NAD Malate Dehydrogenase
D008928	Mitochondria	Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Mitochondrial Contraction,Mitochondrion,Contraction, Mitochondrial,Contractions, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Contractions
D002397	Catfishes	Common name of the order Siluriformes. This order contains many families and over 2,000 species, including venomous species. Heteropneustes and Plotosus genera have dangerous stings and are aggressive. Most species are passive stingers.	Eremophilus mutisii,Heteropneustes,Plotosus,Siluriformes,Arius,Catfish,Colombian Catfish,Catfish, Colombian
D004726	Endosulfan	A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61)	Thiodan,Thiodon,Thiotox,alpha-Endosulfan,beta-Endosulfan,alpha Endosulfan,beta Endosulfan
D006843	Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated	Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more of the hydrogens replaced by CHLORINE.	Chlorinated Hydrocarbon,Chlorinated Hydrocarbons,Organochlorine Compound,Chlorine Compounds, Organic,Organochlorine Compounds,Compound, Organochlorine,Compounds, Organic Chlorine,Compounds, Organochlorine,Hydrocarbon, Chlorinated,Organic Chlorine Compounds
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D018482	Muscle, Skeletal	A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.	Anterior Tibial Muscle,Gastrocnemius Muscle,Muscle, Voluntary,Plantaris Muscle,Skeletal Muscle,Soleus Muscle,Muscle, Anterior Tibial,Muscle, Gastrocnemius,Muscle, Plantaris,Muscle, Soleus,Muscles, Skeletal,Muscles, Voluntary,Skeletal Muscles,Tibial Muscle, Anterior,Voluntary Muscle,Voluntary Muscles