Biomaterial Database

A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. 1992

C J Sniffen, and J D O'Connor, and P J Van Soest, and D G Fox, and J B Russell

Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.

The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has a submodel that predicts rates of feedstuff degradation in the rumen, the passage of undegraded feed to the lower gut, and the amount of ME and protein that is available to the animal. In the CNCPS, structural carbohydrate (SC) and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) are estimated from sequential NDF analyses of the feed. Data from the literature are used to predict fractional rates of SC and NSC degradation. Crude protein is partitioned into five fractions. Fraction A is NPN, which is trichloroacetic (TCA) acid-soluble N. Unavailable or protein bound to cell wall (Fraction C) is derived from acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIP), and slowly degraded true protein (Fraction B3) is neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIP) minus Fraction C. Rapidly degraded true protein (Fraction B1) is TCA-precipitable protein from the buffer-soluble protein minus NPN. True protein with an intermediate degradation rate (Fraction B2) is the remaining N. Protein degradation rates are estimated by an in vitro procedure that uses Streptomyces griseus protease, and a curve-peeling technique is used to identify rates for each fraction. The amount of carbohydrate or N that is digested in the rumen is determined by the relative rates of degradation and passage. Ruminal passage rates are a function of DMI, particle size, bulk density, and the type of feed that is consumed (e.g., forage vs cereal grain).

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007408	Intestinal Absorption	Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.	Absorption, Intestinal
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D002417	Cattle	Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.	Beef Cow,Bos grunniens,Bos indicus,Bos indicus Cattle,Bos taurus,Cow,Cow, Domestic,Dairy Cow,Holstein Cow,Indicine Cattle,Taurine Cattle,Taurus Cattle,Yak,Zebu,Beef Cows,Bos indicus Cattles,Cattle, Bos indicus,Cattle, Indicine,Cattle, Taurine,Cattle, Taurus,Cattles, Bos indicus,Cattles, Indicine,Cattles, Taurine,Cattles, Taurus,Cow, Beef,Cow, Dairy,Cow, Holstein,Cows,Dairy Cows,Domestic Cow,Domestic Cows,Indicine Cattles,Taurine Cattles,Taurus Cattles,Yaks,Zebus
D004040	Dietary Carbohydrates	Carbohydrates present in food comprising digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibers. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes (FABACEAE), tubers, etc. (From Claudio & Lagua, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Dictionary, 3d ed, p32, p277)	Carbohydrates, Dietary,Carbohydrate, Dietary,Dietary Carbohydrate
D004041	Dietary Fats	Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.	Fats, Dietary,Dietary Fat,Fat, Dietary
D004044	Dietary Proteins	Proteins obtained from foods. They are the main source of the ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.	Proteins, Dietary,Dietary Protein,Protein, Dietary
D004063	Digestion	The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body.
D005285	Fermentation	Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.	Fermentations
D005772	Gastrointestinal Transit	Passage of food (sometimes in the form of a test meal) through the gastrointestinal tract as measured in minutes or hours. The rate of passage through the intestine is an indicator of small bowel function.	GI Transit,GI Transits,Gastrointestinal Transits,Transit, GI,Transit, Gastrointestinal,Transits, GI,Transits, Gastrointestinal
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia