Biomaterial Database

Topical immunomodulators for the treatment of external genital warts, cutaneous warts and molluscum contagiosum. 2003

U R Hengge, and M Cusini

Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. ulrich.hennge@uni-duesseldorf.de

Topical immunomodulators (TIMs) include both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive agents. Newer immunostimulatory compounds such as imidazoquinolines (e.g. imiquimod) act by cytokine secretion from monocytes/macrophages (interferon-alpha, interleukin-12, tumour-necrosis factor-alpha), leading to a Th1-dominance and cell-mediated immunity. This immune milieu has been clinically used to treat viral infections such as human papillomavirus (condyloma and common warts), herpes simplex virus and mollusca in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008976	Molluscum Contagiosum	A common, benign, usually self-limited viral infection of the skin and occasionally the conjunctivae by a poxvirus (MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS). (Dorland, 27th ed)
D003218	Condylomata Acuminata	Sexually transmitted form of anogenital warty growth caused by the human papillomaviruses.	Genital Warts,Venereal Warts,Warts, Genital,Warts, Venereal,Genital Wart,Venereal Wart,Wart, Genital,Wart, Venereal
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000077271	Imiquimod	A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.	1-Isobutyl-1H-imidazo(4,5-c)quinolin-4-amine,Aldara,R 837,R-837,S 26308,S-26308,Zyclara,R837
D000276	Adjuvants, Immunologic	Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.	Immunoactivators,Immunoadjuvant,Immunoadjuvants,Immunologic Adjuvant,Immunopotentiator,Immunopotentiators,Immunostimulant,Immunostimulants,Adjuvant, Immunologic,Adjuvants, Immunological,Immunologic Adjuvants,Immunological Adjuvant,Adjuvant, Immunological,Immunological Adjuvants
D000287	Administration, Topical	The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.	Drug Administration, Topical,Administration, Topical Drug,Topical Administration,Topical Drug Administration,Administrations, Topical,Administrations, Topical Drug,Drug Administrations, Topical,Topical Administrations,Topical Drug Administrations
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults
D000634	Aminoquinolines	Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more amino groups.