BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

Upper oesophageal sphincter pressure during inhalational anaesthesia. 1992

R G Vanner, and B J Pryle, and J P O'Dwyer, and F Reynolds
Department of Anaesthetics, St Thomas' Hospital, London.

Upper oesophageal sphincter pressure was recorded with a Dent sleeve in 30 patients breathing nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane. Twenty-three patients, after thiopentone induction, received suxamethonium and had their trachea intubated either before (group A, n = 11), or after (group B, n = 11), a study period of inhalational anaesthesia. Group C (n = 8) received an inhalational induction. Mean (SD) sphincter pressure after loss of consciousness was 8 (7) mmHg (group A), 6 (5) mmHg (group B) and 24 (13) mmHg (group C) increasing to 19 (7) mmHg in group A immediately after intubation. With an end-tidal halothane concentration of 1.5%, mean sphincter pressure in group B, 16 (7) mmHg, was significantly lower than in group A, 45 (21) mmHg (p < 0.001) and group C, 27 (14) mmHg (p < 0.05). Halothane had no dose-related effect on sphincter pressure. Insertion of a laryngeal mask in group C (n = 7) had no significant effect on sphincter pressure. Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia with halothane, unlike thiopentone or suxamethonium, maintained a degree of upper oesophageal sphincter tone, although three patients in this study had sphincter pressures of less than 10 mmHg and would therefore have been at risk of regurgitation in the presence of gastro-oesophageal reflux.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007442 Intubation, Intratracheal A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia. Intubation, Endotracheal,Endotracheal Intubation,Endotracheal Intubations,Intratracheal Intubation,Intratracheal Intubations,Intubations, Endotracheal,Intubations, Intratracheal
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D009609 Nitrous Oxide Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream. Laughing Gas,Nitrogen Protoxide,Gas, Laughing,Oxide, Nitrous
D010100 Oxygen An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration. Dioxygen,Oxygen-16,Oxygen 16
D011312 Pressure A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Pressures
D004947 Esophagus The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
D005260 Female Females
D006221 Halothane A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178) 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-Chloro-2-Bromoethane,Fluothane,Ftorotan,Narcotan
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

Related Publications

R G Vanner, and B J Pryle, and J P O'Dwyer, and F Reynolds
Upper oesophageal sphincter function during general anaesthesia.
September 1996, The British journal of surgery,
R G Vanner, and B J Pryle, and J P O'Dwyer, and F Reynolds
Anaesthesia induction and lower oesophageal sphincter pressure.
January 1978, Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica,
R G Vanner, and B J Pryle, and J P O'Dwyer, and F Reynolds
Monitoring of upper oesophageal sphincter pressure in children.
June 1991, Gut,
R G Vanner, and B J Pryle, and J P O'Dwyer, and F Reynolds
The upper oesophageal sphincter.
June 2005, Neurogastroenterology and motility,
R G Vanner, and B J Pryle, and J P O'Dwyer, and F Reynolds
Strain induced augmentation of upper oesophageal sphincter pressure in children.
February 1994, Gut,
R G Vanner, and B J Pryle, and J P O'Dwyer, and F Reynolds
The lower oesophageal sphincter and anaesthesia.
January 1984, British journal of anaesthesia,
R G Vanner, and B J Pryle, and J P O'Dwyer, and F Reynolds
Subcutaneous epinephrine administration decreases lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and gastro-oesophageal pressure gradient in children under general anaesthesia.
March 2002, European journal of anaesthesiology,
R G Vanner, and B J Pryle, and J P O'Dwyer, and F Reynolds
Effect of the laryngeal mask airway on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure in patients during general anaesthesia.
October 1992, British journal of anaesthesia,
R G Vanner, and B J Pryle, and J P O'Dwyer, and F Reynolds
Upper oesophageal sphincter yield pressure in normal subjects and in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux.
July 1974, Thorax,
R G Vanner, and B J Pryle, and J P O'Dwyer, and F Reynolds
Radial asymmetry of the upper oesophageal sphincter pressure profile: fact or artefact.
June 2006, Neurogastroenterology and motility,
Copied contents to your clipboard!