A combination of roentgen cineradiography and functional scintigraphy of stomach evacuation, taken with a gamma camera, was used for assessing the success of organ-conservative surgery of ulcers (selective proximal phagotomy with or without pyloroplasty). This confirmed earlier results to the effect that surgical failure is not indicated with any measure of certainty by any individual roentgenologic symptom. However, the evacuation function is closely correlated with the pattern of clinical and subjective complaints. In most of the cases, rapid postoperative stomach evacuation results in freedom from complaints. Pyloric stenosis and retention point to the failure of the operation via the negatively effected subjective feeling of well-being. Hence, special importance must be attached to functional scintigraphy with regard to meaningful studies of the course and postoperative condition of the patient.